Lung cancer is still the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite the major diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, the effect on mortality has been modest and the overall survival is still poor. Better understanding of the pathology of these tumors is necessary in order to develop personalized therapeutic strategies in lung cancer patients. Human microbiome has been associated with normal physiology and function, and increasing evidence points towards a key role of the microbiome in promoting the progression of lung disease. Studies have shown that although poorly understood, lung has a distinctive microbiome that may an important role in lung cancer development and progression, and interactions between microbial populations have the potential to influence disease, suggesting that microbiome can be an emerging target in cancer therapeutics. We will review mechanisms how the lung microbiota influences carcinogenesis, focusing on the bacterial dysbiosis and inflammation. Moreover, we will discuss the link between the microbiome and cancer and the consequences induced by the immune system, as the host microbiota plays an essential role in activating and modulating the immune response. We summarize current research advances in the lung microbiome and demonstrate the potential to exploit microbiome as a mechanism to prevent carcinogenesis and modulate therapeutic strategy, suggesting microbiome as a valuable approach in lung cancer patients.

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微生物组：肺癌的支持者还是主导者？

肺癌仍然是全球癌症死亡的主要原因。尽管有重大的诊断和治疗创新，但对死亡率的影响不大，总体生存率仍然很低。为了在肺癌患者中制定个性化的治疗策略，更好地了解这些肿瘤的病理学是必要的。人类微生物组与正常的生理机能和功能有关，越来越多的证据表明微生物组在促进肺病进展方面发挥着关键作用。研究表明，尽管知之甚少，但肺具有独特的微生物组，可能在肺癌的发生和进展中起重要作用，微生物种群之间的相互作用有可能影响疾病，表明微生物组可以成为癌症治疗的新兴靶点。我们将回顾肺微生物群如何影响致癌作用的机制，重点关注细菌失调和炎症。此外，我们将讨论微生物群与癌症之间的联系以及免疫系统诱导的后果，因为宿主微生物群在激活和调节免疫反应方面起着至关重要的作用。我们总结了肺微生物组的当前研究进展，并证明了利用微生物组作为预防癌症发生和调节治疗策略的机制的潜力，表明微生物组是肺癌患者的一种有价值的方法。我们将讨论微生物群与癌症之间的联系以及免疫系统引起的后果，因为宿主微生物群在激活和调节免疫反应方面起着至关重要的作用。我们总结了肺微生物组的当前研究进展，并证明了利用微生物组作为预防癌症发生和调节治疗策略的机制的潜力，表明微生物组是肺癌患者的一种有价值的方法。我们将讨论微生物群与癌症之间的联系以及免疫系统引起的后果，因为宿主微生物群在激活和调节免疫反应方面起着至关重要的作用。我们总结了肺微生物组的当前研究进展，并证明了利用微生物组作为预防癌症发生和调节治疗策略的机制的潜力，表明微生物组是肺癌患者的一种有价值的方法。