ABSTRACT

Both internal (e.g., preferences) and external (e.g., social) factors guide chrononutrition (i.e., the timing of food intake), but the nature and variability of chrononutrition preferences (i.e., preferred timing of food intake) have not been empirically evaluated. The present study aimed to characterize the variability and range of chrononutrition preferences and to evaluate the extent of eating misalignment, defined as the discrepancy between chrononutrition preferences and chrononutrition behaviors. 192 undergraduate students aged 18 to 31 years self-enrolled in an online questionnaire study. Participants provided demographic information and completed the Chrononutrition Profile – Questionnaire to evaluate chrononutrition preferences, chrononutrition behaviors, and eating misalignment. Results indicated high inter-individual variability in chrononutrition preferences and eating misalignment, with extreme cases of eating misalignment across all chrononutrition facets. This study is the first to confirm that when individuals want to eat may differ from when they actually eat. With additional research, these constructs may be meaningful to consider, together with other aspects of chrononutrition, in the development of future chrononutrition-based intervention efforts.

摘要

内部（例如，偏好）和外部（例如，社会）因素都指导时间营养（即食物摄入的时间），但时间营养偏好（即，食物摄入的首选时间）的性质和可变性尚未经过经验评估。本研究旨在表征时间营养偏好的变异性和范围，并评估饮食失调的程度，定义为时间营养偏好和时间营养行为之间的差异。192 名年龄在 18 至 31 岁之间的本科学生自行参加了在线问卷调查。参与者提供了人口统计信息并完成了时间营养概况——问卷，以评估时间营养偏好、时间营养行为和饮食失调。结果表明，时间营养偏好和饮食失调的个体间差异很大，在所有时间营养方面都有饮食失调的极端情况。这项研究首次证实，当个体想吃饭可以在自它们之间的区别其实吃。通过进一步的研究，在未来基于时间营养的干预工作的发展中，这些结构与时间营养的其他方面一起考虑可能是有意义的。