ABSTRACT

This paper presents the optimization problem of three different on-demand transit systems operated by vehicles of different sizes. This problem is aimed at minimizing the total cost of the system, which consists of the temporal cost experienced by users and the operating cost incurred by transit agencies. A compact set of estimations of the user performance and operating cost is provided, based on geometric probability. The optimization procedure allows the cost comparison of different semi-flexible services. Transit systems operated by cars (shared taxicabs) with flexible layouts are preferable for low demand densities (less than 92 pax/km²-h). For very high demand (higher than 200 pax/km²-h), bus systems with fixed layout and variable stop locations present the lowest total cost per passenger. In an intermediate domain, taxi and semi-flexible services compete among each other. The estimation of unit operating costs allows decision-makers to calculate the subsidies needed to make the system profitable.

抽象的

本文提出了由大小不同的车辆操作的三种不同的按需运输系统的优化问题。该问题旨在使系统的总成本最小化，该总成本包括用户所经历的时间成本和公交机构产生的运营成本。基于几何概率，提供了一组紧凑的用户性能和运营成本估算值。优化程序允许比较不同的半灵活服务的成本。对于低需求密度（小于92 pax / km ² -h），首选具有灵活布局的汽车（共享出租车）操作的公交系统。对于非常高的需求（高于200 pax / km ²-h），具有固定布局和可变停车位置的公交系统，每位乘客的总费用最低。在中间领域，出租车和半柔性服务相互竞争。单位运营成本的估算使决策者可以计算使系统盈利所需的补贴。