The ecosystem approach to fisheries management is a conceptual and practical framework consistent with, and supportive of, climate change adaptation at the national and regional level. Implementing an ecosystem approach can contribute to climate change adaptation by improving ecosystem resilience and reducing vulnerability to climate change, by providing planning strategies and tools to monitor and assess the impacts of climate change on fisheries, and by relying on precautionary, flexible, and adaptive approaches that account for the uncertainties, surprises, unpredictability, and dynamism of ecosystems in a changing climate. In this article, I provide an overview of some key considerations framing the mandate and capacity of regional fisheries management organizations and arrangements to implement ecosystem approaches in the context of climate change. The article first addresses the extent to which international law of the sea, and in particular the 1995 United Nations Fish Stock Agreement, endorses and implements an ecosystem approach to fisheries for the management of straddling and highly migratory stocks. It then addresses the barriers to more effective implementation of an integrated and adaptive ecosystem approach to fisheries in transboundary settings, including the decentralized and consensus-based nature of international law, stationary visions of ecosystems, and principles of certainty and stability. This analysis is then expanded to focus on specific challenges of adapting to climate-induced changes to transboundary stocks distribution and abundance. I address preparing and planning for climate change, responsive decision-making procedures, regulation of new fisheries, jurisdictional challenges, enhancing marine resilience, and revisiting allocation agreements, highlighting legal provisions and policy developments that may support or enhance the adaptive capacity of transboundary fisheries arrangements. I conclude that, despite some supportive legal provisions and practices, structural, legal, and political barriers severely hinder the pace and the scope of required governance and management responses to climate-induced changes to transboundary stocks.

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跨界渔业、气候变化和生态系统方法：评估国际法和政策海景

渔业管理的生态系统方法是一个概念和实践框架，与国家和区域层面的气候变化适应相一致并提供支持。实施生态系统方法可以通过提高生态系统复原力和降低对气候变化的脆弱性，提供规划战略和工具来监测和评估气候变化对渔业的影响，以及依靠预防性、灵活和适应性方法来促进气候变化适应这解释了气候变化中生态系统的不确定性、意外、不可预测性和活力。在本文中，我概述了区域渔业管理组织和安排在气候变化背景下实施生态系统方法的任务和能力的一些关键考虑因素。该文章首先讨论了国际海洋法，特别是 1995 年的联合国鱼类种群协定，认可和实施渔业生态系统方法以管理跨界和高度洄游种群的程度。然后，它解决了在跨界环境中更有效地对渔业实施综合和适应性生态系统方法的障碍，包括国际法的分散和基于共识的性质、生态系统的固定愿景以及确定性和稳定性的原则。然后扩展该分析以关注适应气候引起的跨界种群分布和丰度变化的具体挑战。我处理气候变化的准备和规划、响应性决策程序、新渔业监管、管辖挑战、增强海洋复原力和重新审视分配协议，强调可能支持或增强跨界渔业安排适应能力的法律规定和政策发展. 我的结论是，尽管有一些支持性的法律规定和做法，但结构性、法律和政治障碍严重阻碍了对气候引起的跨界种群变化所需的治理和管理响应的步伐和范围。我涉及气候变化的准备和规划、响应性决策程序、新渔业监管、管辖挑战、增强海洋复原力和重新审视分配协议，强调可能支持或增强跨界渔业安排适应能力的法律规定和政策发展. 我的结论是，尽管有一些支持性的法律规定和做法，但结构、法律和政治障碍严重阻碍了对气候引起的跨界种群变化所需的治理和管理响应的步伐和范围。我涉及气候变化的准备和规划、响应性决策程序、新渔业监管、管辖挑战、增强海洋复原力和重新审视分配协议，强调可能支持或增强跨界渔业安排适应能力的法律规定和政策发展. 我的结论是，尽管有一些支持性的法律规定和做法，但结构性、法律和政治障碍严重阻碍了对气候引起的跨界种群变化所需的治理和管理响应的步伐和范围。强调可能支持或加强跨界渔业安排的适应能力的法律规定和政策发展。我的结论是，尽管有一些支持性的法律规定和做法，但结构性、法律和政治障碍严重阻碍了对气候引起的跨界种群变化所需的治理和管理响应的步伐和范围。强调可能支持或加强跨界渔业安排的适应能力的法律规定和政策发展。我的结论是，尽管有一些支持性的法律规定和做法，但结构性、法律和政治障碍严重阻碍了对气候引起的跨界种群变化所需的治理和管理响应的步伐和范围。