Casearia sylvestris is an outstanding representative of the Casearia genus. This representability comes from its distinctive chemical profile and pharmacological properties. This species is widespread from North to South America, occurring in all Brazilian biomes. Based on their morphology, 2 varieties are recognized: C. sylvestris var. sylvestris and C. sylvestris var. lingua. Despite the existence of data about their chemical composition, a deeper understanding of the specialized metabolism correlation and variation in respect to environmental factors and its repercussion over their biological activities was still pending. In this study, an UHPLC-DAD-based metabolomics approach was employed for the investigation of the chemical variation of 12 C. sylvestris populations sampled across 4 Brazilian biomes and ecotones. The correlation between infraspecific chemical variability and the cytotoxic and antioxidant activities was achieved by multivariate data analysis. The analyses showed that C. sylvestris var. lingua prevailed at Cerrado areas, and it was correlated with lower cytotoxic activity and high level of glycosylated flavonoids. Among them, narcissin and isorhamnetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside showed good correlation with the antioxidant activity. Conversely, C. sylvestris var. sylvestris prevailed at the Atlantic Forest areas, and it was associated with high cytotoxic activity and high content of clerodane diterpenoids. Different casearins showed good correlation (R2 = 0.3 - 0.70) with the cytotoxic activity. These findings highlighted the great complexity among different C. sylvestris populations, their chemical profile, and the related biological activities. Consequently, it can certainly influence the medicinal properties, as well as the quality and efficacy, of C. sylvestris phytomedicines.

中文翻译：

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来自不同巴西生物群落的 Casearia sylvestris 的种下化学变异性和生物活性

Casearia sylvestris是Casearia属的杰出代表。这种代表性来自其独特的化学特征和药理特性。该物种广泛分布于从北美洲到南美洲的所有巴西生物群落中。根据它们的形态，可识别 2 个变种：C. sylvestris var. sylvestris 和 C. sylvestris var. 语言。尽管存在有关其化学成分的数据，但对与环境因素相关的专门代谢相关性和变化及其对生物活动的影响的更深入了解仍有待深入了解。在本研究中，采用基于 UHPLC-DAD 的代谢组学方法研究了在 4 个巴西生物群落和交错带中采样的 12 个 C. sylvestris 种群的化学变异。通过多变量数据分析实现了种下化学变异性与细胞毒性和抗氧化活性之间的相关性。分析表明，C. sylvestris var. 语言在塞拉多地区盛行，它与较低的细胞毒活性和高水平的糖基化黄酮类化合物有关。其中，水仙和异鼠李素-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-arabinopyranoside与抗氧化活性显示出良好的相关性。相反，C. sylvestris var. sylvestris 在大西洋森林地区盛行，它与高细胞毒活性和高含量的 clerodane 二萜有关。不同的酪蛋白与细胞毒活性显示出良好的相关性 (R2 = 0.3 - 0.70)。这些发现突显了不同 C. sylvestris 种群之间的巨大复杂性、它们的化学特征、以及相关的生物活性。因此，它肯定会影响樟子松植物药的药用特性以及质量和功效。