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Urban‐induced modifications to the diurnal cycle of rainfall over a tropical city
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-22 , DOI: 10.1002/qj.3966
Quang‐Van Doan 1, 2 , Anurag Dipankar 1 , Andrés Simón‐Moral 3 , Claudio Sanchez 4 , Venkatraman Prasanna 1 , Matthias Roth 3 , Xiang‐Yu Huang 1
Affiliation  

There is still no consensus on the mechanisms that modify precipitation over and around cities, especially for those located in the tropics where convective processes primarily drive rainfall. Here we contribute to the ongoing discussion about the urban‐associated precipitation by investigating the urban effect on the diurnal cycle of rainfall over Singapore. We use the urban version of the numerical weather prediction system of the Meteorological Service Singapore (hereafter called uSINGV) at a 300 m horizontal resolution to simulate the rainfall conditions over Singapore and its surroundings during the inter‐monsoon period between 2010 and 2014. Two simulations with different land surface conditions are conducted: one with urban areas (i.e. present conditions) and one without urban areas. uSINGV is shown to perform well for rainfall when compared to observations. Comparison between simulations reveals that the urban area is responsible for the formation of a rainfall “hot spot” over Singapore and Johor Bahru, located at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, and the urban effect is accountable for 20–30% of total rainfall during late afternoons and evenings, highlighting a strong urban effect on localized rainfall over a tropical city. Enhancement of convection due to the urban heat island effect, increased frictional convergence due to buildings' drag, the seaward shift of the sea‐breeze front, and the increased inflow of boundary‐layer moisture by the stronger sea breeze are suggested as most probable reasons for the increased rainfall in the urban area.

中文翻译:

由城市引起的对热带城市降雨日循环的修改

关于改变城市内部和周围降水的机制仍未达成共识,特别是对于位于对流过程主要驱动降雨的热带地区的降水机制。在这里,我们通过调查城市对新加坡降水日变化周期的影响,为有关城市相关降水的持续讨论做出了贡献。我们使用新加坡气象局数值天气预报系统(以下称为uSINGV)的城市版本,其水平分辨率为300 m,以模拟2010年至2014年之间的季风期间新加坡及其周围地区的降雨条件。两次模拟在不同的地表条件下进行:一种在市区(即当前状况),另一种不在市区。与观测值相比,uSINGV的降雨表现出色。模拟之间的比较表明,市区是造成马来半岛南端的新加坡和新山上空形成降雨“热点”的原因,城市效应占总降雨量的20%至30%在午后和傍晚时分,突显出热带城市对热带城市局部降雨的强烈影响。可能是由于城市热岛效应引起的对流增强,建筑物阻力引起的摩擦收敛增加,海风前沿的向海移动以及海风越强,边界层水分的流入量增加,是最可能的原因。因为市区降雨增加。模拟之间的比较表明,市区是造成马来半岛南端的新加坡和新山上空形成降雨“热点”的原因,城市效应占总降雨量的20%至30%在午后和傍晚,这突显出热带城市对热带城市局部降雨的强烈影响。可能是由于城市热岛效应引起的对流增强,建筑物阻力引起的摩擦收敛增加,海风前沿的向海移动以及海风越强,边界层水分的流入量增加,是最可能的原因。因为市区降雨增加。模拟之间的比较表明,市区是造成马来半岛南端的新加坡和新山上空形成降雨“热点”的原因,城市效应占总降雨量的20%至30%在午后和傍晚时分,突显出热带城市对热带城市局部降雨的强烈影响。可能是由于城市热岛效应引起的对流增强,建筑物阻力引起的摩擦收敛增加,海风前沿的向海移动以及海风越强,边界层水分的流入量增加,是最可能的原因。因为市区降雨增加。在午后和傍晚,城市效应占总降雨量的20%至30%,突显了热带城市对局部降雨的强烈城市效应。可能是由于城市热岛效应引起的对流增强,建筑物阻力引起的摩擦收敛增加,海风前沿的向海移动以及海风越强,边界层水分的流入量增加,是最可能的原因。因为市区降雨增加。在午后和傍晚,城市效应占总降雨量的20%至30%,突显了热带城市对局部降雨的强烈城市效应。可能是由于城市热岛效应引起的对流增强,建筑物阻力引起的摩擦收敛增加,海风前沿的向海移动以及海风越强,边界层水分的流入量增加,是最可能的原因。因为市区降雨增加。
更新日期:2020-12-22
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