The implementation of antiviral treatments and prophylaxis strategies in fish aquaculture needs to be established. The absence of commercial vaccines for most viral diseases affecting economically relevant fish species, and the total lack of treatments to fight these diseases once they have emerged in a fish farm remains one of the main bottlenecks in fish aquaculture production. However, although no antivirals are currently applied on farms, a great number of investigations have been conducted to assess the potential use of antiviral treatments against several fish viruses. Although most of these works were based on in vitro approaches, some included in vivo experiments to demonstrate the potential applicability of these treatments. This review summarizes the investigations conducted both in vitro and in vivo in the field of antiviral treatments against fish viruses. The highlighted works include those using piscine and non-piscine proteins with antimicrobial functions, metabolites, chemical compounds (some of which are used in medicine to treat human viruses), bioactive compounds mainly isolated from plants and bacteria, and emerging DNA- and RNA-based therapeutics. This information can be used for developing both specific and broad-spectrum antiviral strategies to be further used in the aquaculture industry, and it may even provide interesting indications for biomedical research.

中文翻译：

---

汇编抗病毒治疗和对抗鱼类病毒的策略

需要在鱼类水产养殖中实施抗病毒治疗和预防策略。大多数影响经济相关鱼种的病毒性疾病缺乏商业疫苗，而且一旦这些疾病出现在养鱼场，就完全缺乏治疗方法，这仍然是鱼类水产养殖生产的主要瓶颈之一。然而，尽管目前没有在养殖场使用抗病毒药物，但已经进行了大量调查以评估抗病毒治疗对几种鱼类病毒的潜在用途。虽然这些工作大部分是基于体外方法，但有些包括体内方法实验来证明这些治疗的潜在适用性。本综述总结了在针对鱼类病毒的抗病毒治疗领域进行的体外和体内研究。突出的作品包括使用具有抗菌功能的鱼和非鱼蛋白、代谢物、化合物（其中一些用于治疗人类病毒的药物）、主要从植物和细菌中分离的生物活性化合物以及新兴的 DNA 和 RNA 的作品。基于疗法。该信息可用于开发特定和广谱抗病毒策略，以进一步用于水产养殖业，甚至可能为生物医学研究提供有趣的指示。