The geographical shift of nickel mining to small island countries of the Southeast Asia and Melanesia region has produced a need to assess the environmental risk associated with increased sediment nickel exposure to benthic estuarine/marine biota. Chemical measurements of nickel concentration and potential bioavailability, including the use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), were compared to effects on 10‐d reproduction of the epibenthic estuarine/marine amphipod Melita plumulosa in nickel‐spiked sediments and field‐contaminated sediments with different characteristics. The 10% effect concentrations (EC10s) for amphipod reproduction ranged from 280 to 690 mg/kg total recoverable nickel, from 110 to 380 mg/kg dilute acid–extractable nickel, and from 34 to 87 μg Ni/m²/h DGT‐labile nickel flux. Nickel bioavailability was lower in sediments with greater total organic carbon, clay content, and percentage of fine particles. Measurements of DGT‐labile nickel flux at the sediment–water interface integrated exposure to nickel from porewater, overlying water, and ingested sediment exposure pathways and were found to have the strongest relationship with the biological response. At most, there was a 29% reduction in 10‐d M. plumulosa reproduction relative to the control when exposed to nickel from field‐contaminated sediments collected from nickel laterite mining regions of New Caledonia. The DGT technique can be used as a complementary tool to measure the bioavailability of nickel in estuarine/marine sediments, especially sediments that are in nickel laterite mining regions where there are no or few toxicity data available for determining biological effects on local species. Based on the combined data set of the 3 nickel‐spiked sediments a DGT‐labile nickel EC10 threshold of 50 (30–69) μg Ni/m²/h was determined. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:1266–1278. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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薄膜技术中的扩散梯度预测沉积物镍对端足类动物的毒性

镍开采向东南亚和美拉尼西亚地区的小岛屿国家的地理转移产生了评估与沉积物镍暴露于底栖河口/海洋生物群相关的环境风险的需要。将镍浓度和潜在生物利用度的化学测量值，包括在薄膜 (DGT) 中使用扩散梯度，与对含镍沉积物和野外污染沉积物中的底栖河口/海洋片脚类动物Melita pumpulosa 10 d 繁殖的影响进行比较具有不同的特点。片脚类动物繁殖的 10% 效应浓度 (EC10) 范围为 280 至 690 毫克/千克总可回收镍、110 至 380 毫克/千克稀酸可萃取镍和 34 至 87 微克镍/米²/h DGT 不稳定的镍助焊剂。在有机碳总量、粘土含量和细颗粒百分比较高的沉积物中，镍的生物利用度较低。沉积物-水界面处 DGT 不稳定镍通量的测量综合了来自孔隙水、上覆水和摄入沉积物暴露途径的镍暴露，并发现与生物反应的关系最强。最多 29% 的 10-d M.plulosa当暴露于从新喀里多尼亚镍红土矿区收集的现场污染沉积物中的镍时，相对于对照的繁殖。DGT 技术可用作测量河口/海洋沉积物中镍的生物有效性的补充工具，尤其是在镍红土矿区的沉积物中，那里没有或几乎没有毒性数据可用于确定对当地物种的生物影响。根据 3 种含镍沉积物的组合数据集，确定 DGT 不稳定的镍 EC10 阈值为 50 (30–69) μg Ni/m ² /h。环境毒理学化学2021；40：1266-1278。© 2020 SETAC