Usage of peptidases by SARS-CoV-2 and several human coronaviruses as receptors: A mysterious story,Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry

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Usage of peptidases by SARS-CoV-2 and several human coronaviruses as receptors: A mysterious story
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 , DOI: 10.1002/bab.2087
Somayeh Shatizadeh Malekshahi ₁ , Jila Yavarian ₂ , Nazanin-Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ₂

Affiliation

Coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors to infect many humans and animals. Newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) recognizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to gain entry into different cells. Interestingly, besides SARS-CoV2, four other human coronaviruses (HCoVs) use three different ectopeptidases (ACE2, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, and aminopeptidase N) as receptors independent of their common peptidase activity. This issue has led to the important question “why do several HCoVs rely on peptidases as their receptors?.” In this paper, we discussed to answer this question. Mostly, it seems that the use of peptidases by HCoVs may be more related to their widespread presence on target cells and also viruses prefer to take advantage of molecules with relatively low affinity for their natural ligands through evolving a stronger binding affinity to the surface receptors for entry and endocytosis. Meanwhile evolutionary conservation of these receptors may allow HCoVs to switch between different host species. Finally, the choice of peptidases by HCoVs may reflect the “trial and error” nature of evolution. In conclusion, substantial efforts are needed to get a strong picture of this fascinating question and poorly explored area. Detailed understanding of the entry mechanisms offers opportunities for the development of refined strategies to stop viruses.

中文翻译：

SARS-CoV-2 和几种人类冠状病毒使用肽酶作为受体：一个神秘的故事

冠状病毒识别多种宿主受体以感染许多人和动物。新出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 可识别血管紧张素转换酶 2 (ACE2) 以进入不同的细胞。有趣的是，除了 SARS-CoV2，其他四种人类冠状病毒 (HCoV) 使用三种不同的外肽酶（ACE2、二肽基肽酶 4 和氨肽酶 N）作为受体，而与它们共同的肽酶活性无关。这个问题引出了一个重要的问题“为什么几种 HCoV 依赖肽酶作为它们的受体？”。在本文中，我们讨论了回答这个问题。大多，似乎 HCoV 对肽酶的使用可能与它们在靶细胞上的广泛存在更相关，而且病毒更喜欢利用对其天然配体亲和力相对较低的分子，通过进化与表面受体的更强结合亲和力进入和内吞作用。同时，这些受体的进化保守性可能允许 HCoV 在不同的宿主物种之间切换。最后，HCoV 对肽酶的选择可能反映了进化的“试错”性质。总之，需要付出大量努力才能全面了解这个引人入胜的问题和探索不足的领域。对进入机制的详细了解为制定阻止病毒的精细策略提供了机会。

更新日期：2020-12-21

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