Moisture content contained in any dielectric media is the most influential factor reducing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) wave velocity, which can be measured by the gradients of diffractive hyperbolas as a result of any round-shaped object, such as water carrying utilities. Such characteristic were then used to estimate location of pipe leak where moisture content is higher in localized area compared to the neighbouring no-leak dry area (Cheung and Lai, 2019). However, depth of utilities is required as a known input in the algorithms based on multiple triangular ray paths using common offset antenna (Sham and Lai, 2016). In this paper, we proposed a combination of velocity algorithm for estimation of velocity, followed by characterizing water leak location where wave velocity is reduced compared to non-leak location, without priori information of utility depth. The combination of velocity algorithm was validated firstly using high-frequency 2 GHz antenna in air, where wave velocity is equal to speed of light. The second validation is two full-scale studies of water leakage detection by the proposed velocity analytical approach using a 600 MHz GPR. Results of both studies substantiate the validity of a combination of few velocity algorithms. It reveals the accurate estimation of pipe seepage and leak location, as a result of 5–10% and 20–30% wave velocity reduction, respectively. The algorithms and validation experiments are believed to pave the way for large-scale applications.

任何介电介质中所含的水分都是降低地面穿透雷达（GPR）波速的最有影响力的因素，该速度可以通过由于任何圆形物体（例如，供水工具）产生的衍射双曲线的梯度来测量。然后使用这种特征来估计管道泄漏的位置，与局部无泄漏的干燥区域相比，局部区域的水分含量更高（Cheung and Lai，2019）。但是，在使用公用偏置天线的基于多个三角射线路径的算法中，需要实用程序的深度作为算法的已知输入（Sham和Lai，2016）。在本文中，我们提出了一种结合速度算法的速度估算方法，然后描述了漏水位置，与无泄漏位置相比，波速降低了 没有实用深度的先验信息。首先使用空气中的2 GHz高频天线验证了速度算法的组合，其波速等于光速。第二个验证是通过使用600 MHz GPR的拟议速度分析方法对漏水检测进行的两项全面研究。两项研究的结果证实了几种速度算法组合的有效性。它揭示了准确估计出的管道渗漏和泄漏位置，分别是降低了5-10％和20-30％的波速的结果。该算法和验证实验被认为为大规模应用铺平了道路。第二个验证是通过使用600 MHz GPR的拟议速度分析方法对漏水检测进行的两项全面研究。两项研究的结果证实了几种速度算法组合的有效性。它揭示了准确估计出的管道渗漏和泄漏位置，分别是降低了5-10％和20-30％的波速的结果。该算法和验证实验被认为为大规模应用铺平了道路。第二个验证是通过使用600 MHz GPR的拟议速度分析方法对漏水检测进行的两项全面研究。两项研究的结果证实了几种速度算法组合的有效性。它揭示了准确估计出的管道渗漏和泄漏位置，分别是降低了5-10％和20-30％的波速的结果。该算法和验证实验被认为为大规模应用铺平了道路。