Rapid immune responses regulated by invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens, while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. iNKT immune protection and immune regulation are both mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cell populations that express CD1d. Recent studies have expanded our understanding of the position of iNKT cells at the fulcrum between regulating inflammatory and autoreactive B cells. Environmental signals influence iNKT cells to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, ranging from maintaining homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKT_reg) or supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells as an iNKT follicular helper (iNKT_FH). Here we review recent advances in iNKT and B cell cooperation during autoimmunity and sterile inflammation. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, across a range of indications.

由不变的自然杀伤 T (iNKT) 细胞调节的快速免疫反应弥合了对病原体的先天反应和适应性反应之间的差距，同时还提供了维持免疫稳态的关键调节。iNKT 免疫保护和免疫调节都是通过与表达 CD1d 的先天性和适应性 B 细胞群的相互作用来介导的。最近的研究扩大了我们对 iNKT 细胞在调节炎症和自身反应性 B 细胞之间的支点位置的理解。环境信号影响 iNKT 细胞为随后的适应性反应定下基调，范围从作为 iNKT 调节细胞 (iNKT _{reg ) 维持体内平衡或作为 iNKT 滤泡辅助细胞 (iNKT FH} ) 支持病原体特异性效应 B 细胞）。在这里，我们回顾了自身免疫和无菌炎症期间 iNKT 和 B 细胞合作的最新进展。了解 iNKT 和 B 细胞之间相互作用的性质将有助于开发临床干预措施，以战略性地针对调节性 iNKT 和 B 细胞群或炎症性细胞群，跨越一系列适应症。