Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an involuntary movement disorder most commonly involving the tongue, lips, and face and less commonly the trunk and limbs. Although TD is historically associated with conventional antipsychotics, it still occurs with newer agents. Covert dyskinesia (CD), a form of TD, occurs after the discontinuation of antipsychotics, and it differs from other withdrawal emergent dyskinesia by its persistence for more than 8 to 12 weeks after discontinuation of dopamine receptor-blocking agents. Although initially reported in the 1960s with conventional antipsychotics, multiple recent reports describe several cases in association with aripiprazole (APZ).

中文翻译：

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阿立哌唑隐性运动障碍：冰山一角？病例报告和文献综述。

迟发性运动障碍 (TD) 是一种不自主运动障碍，最常见于舌头、嘴唇和面部，较少见于躯干和四肢。尽管 TD 历史上与传统抗精神病药有关，但它仍然会发生在较新的药物上。隐性运动障碍 (CD) 是 TD 的一种形式，发生在停用抗精神病药后，与其他戒断性运动障碍的不同之处在于，它在停用多巴胺受体阻断剂后持续存在超过 8 至 12 周。尽管最初在 1960 年代使用常规抗精神病药进行报道，但最近多份报告描述了与阿立哌唑 (APZ) 相关的几例病例。