Background Despite the increasing knowledge of plant-pollinator interaction networks, the effects of human-induced disturbances on them have barely been studied. We analyzed whether land-use changes modified the structure and topology of plant-hummingbird interaction networks or promoted the integration of exotic plant species. Methods Fieldwork was carried out in two vegetation areas in Mexico: a protected tropical dry forest and nearby disturbed sites. For two years we registered hummingbird-plant interactions monthly in each area. Then, we constructed interaction matrices from these data and compared their assemblage structure. Results The conversion of original dry forest to disturbed habitats impacted some assemblage attributes of the plant-hummingbird network. In the disturbed sites, there were more plant species, mainly exotics, and one additional hummingbird species. Most network attributes remained the same except niche width and nestedness (pattern of interactions where generalists and specialists tend to interact with generalists whereas specialist-to-specialist interactions are infrequent), which were higher in the disturbed network. The generalist core in the disturbed network contained half of the core species in the conserved network. Implications for conservation Exotic plants that strongly integrated into the disturbed network may exert a large influence on network dynamics in these areas. Identifying the interacting species and their role provides valuable insights for their conservation and protection. Hummingbirds attracting native plant species have a potential for practical or ornamental use, and hummingbirds presence in human-modified landscapes not only provides positive aesthetic value to people but can additionally contribute to conserving native plants and the biodiversity associated with them.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥干旱森林的土地利用变化促进物种周转并增加植物蜂鸟网络的嵌套：外来植物正在接管吗？

背景尽管对植物-传粉媒介相互作用网络的了解越来越多，但几乎没有研究人为干扰对它们的影响。我们分析了土地利用变化是否改变了植物-蜂鸟相互作用网络的结构和拓扑结构或促进了外来植物物种的融合。方法在墨西哥的两个植被区进行了实地考察：受保护的热带干燥森林和附近受干扰的地点。两年来，我们每月在每个地区都登记蜂鸟与植物的相互作用。然后，我们从这些数据构建交互矩阵并比较它们的组合结构。结果原始干林向受干扰栖息地的转变影响了植物-蜂鸟网络的一些组合属性。在受干扰的地点，植物种类较多，主要是外来植物，和一种额外的蜂鸟物种。大多数网络属性保持不变，除了利基宽度和嵌套性（通才和专家倾向于与通才交互，而专家与专家之间的交互很少的交互模式），它们在受干扰的网络中更高。受扰网络中的通才核心包含保守网络中一半的核心物种。对保护的影响 强烈融入受干扰网络的外来植物可能会对这些地区的网络动态产生很大影响。确定相互作用的物种及其作用为它们的保护和保护提供了宝贵的见解。吸引本地植物物种的蜂鸟具有实用或观赏用途的潜力，