An enclosed space poses a serious risk to workers since its atmosphere can be oxygen-deficient, polluted or contain flammable and/or toxic gases or vapours. Hence, it is important to keep in mind that an enclosed space should not be entered unless it is absolutely necessary. However, many processes often need the worker to be present in an enclosed space. At this point, great attention should be paid to create and maintain safe working conditions, when entering enclosed space is required. Even though studies have investigated several aspects of enclosed space entry, further research is required to explore the human element role. This is urgently needed, considering that human errors are one of the main reasons for enclosed space entry accidents. Hence, this study has investigated the human element role during an enclosed space entry operation via the enhanced SOHRA method. Three scenarios have been developed to assess HEP values. Beyond that, systematic control measure assignment is provided to reduce HEP values. Hierarchy of control measures are considered to improve entering enclosed space operational safety. Elimination (drone-assisted survey), substitution (IoT), engineering (permit control system-PCS), and administrative control measures (electronic permit) have been proposed. Further, this study results can also provide useful insight for other industries (petrochemical, oil, refinery, gas, agriculture, construction etc.), where the accidents in enclosed spaces taking place. Therefore, the study provides not only a theoretical insight but also practical application to improve the safety of seafarers.

封闭的空间会给工人带来严重的风险，因为它的大气层可能缺氧，污染或包含易燃和/或有毒气体或蒸气。因此，重要的是要牢记除非绝对必要，否则不应输入封闭的空间。但是，许多过程经常需要工人在封闭的空间内。此时，当需要进入封闭空间时，应特别注意创建和维护安全的工作条件。尽管研究已经研究了封闭空间进入的几个方面，但仍需要进一步研究以探索人为因素的作用。考虑到人为错误是封闭空间进入事故的主要原因之一，因此迫切需要这样做。因此，这项研究通过增强的SOHRA方法研究了封闭空间进入操作期间人为元素的作用。已经开发了三种方案来评估HEP值。除此之外，还提供了系统的控制措施分配以减少HEP值。考虑了控制措施的层次结构，以提高进入封闭空间的操作安全性。已经提出了消除（无人机辅助调查），替代（IoT），工程（许可控制系统-PCS）和行政控制措施（电子许可）的建议。此外，这项研究结果还可以为在密闭空间发生事故的其他行业（石化，石油，炼油，天然气，农业，建筑等）提供有用的见识。因此，