Background Currently, there is no accepted system for the classification of psychotherapies for application within systematic reviews. The creation of anuncomplicated, understandable and practical classification system is neccessary for conducting reliable systematic reviews. Objective To devise a system for classification of psychotherapy interventions—for use, initially, in systematic reviews. Methods Cochrane Schizophrenia’s Register used as the source of randomised controlled trial. After being piloted and refined at least twice, finally we applied it to all relevant trials within the register. Basic statistical data already held within the register were extracted and used to calculate the distribution of schizophrenia research by form of psychotherapy. Findings The final classification system consisted of six definable broad ‘boughs’ two of which were further subdivided into ‘branches’. The taxonomy accommodated all psychotherapy interventions described in the register. Of the initial 1645 intervention categories within the register, after careful recoding, 539 (33%) were psychotherapies (234 coded as ‘Thought/Action’ (cognitive & behavioural)—1495 studies; 135 ‘Cognitive Functioning’—652 studies; 113 ‘Social’—684 studies; 55 ‘Humanistic’—272 studies; 23 ‘Psychoanalytic/dynamic’—40 studies; and 63 ‘Other’—387 studies). For people with schizophrenia, across categories, the average size of psychotherapy trial is small (107) but there are notable and important exceptions. Conclusion We reported a practical method for categorising psychotherapy interventions in evaluative studies with applications beyond schizophrenia. A move towards consensus on the classification and reporting of psychotherapies is needed. Clinical implications This classification can aid clinicians, clinical practice guideline developers, and evidence synthesis experts to recognise and compare the interventions from same or different classes. The full database of intervention categories analysed in this study is available from the authors on request.

中文翻译：

---

精神分裂症患者心理治疗干预的分类：诺丁汉心理治疗分类的发展

背景 目前，尚无公认的心理治疗分类系统可用于系统评价。为了进行可靠的系统评价，有必要建立一个简单、易于理解和实用的分类系统。目的 设计一个心理治疗干预分类系统——最初用于系统评价。方法 使用 Cochrane 精神分裂症登记册作为随机对照试验的来源。经过至少两次的试点和完善，最终我们将其应用到了登记册内的所有相关试验中。提取登记册中已有的基本统计数据，并用于计算按心理治疗形式划分的精神分裂症研究的分布情况。结果最终的分类系统由六个可定义的广泛“树枝”组成，其中两个进一步细分为“分支”。该分类法涵盖了登记册中描述的所有心理治疗干预措施。在登记册中最初的 1645 个干预类别中，经过仔细重新编码，其中 539 个 (33%) 是心理治疗（234 个编码为“思想/行动”（认知和行为）——1495 个研究；135 个“认知功能”——652 个研究；113 个社会”——684 项研究；55 项“人文”——272 项研究；23 项“精神分析/动力”——40 项研究；以及 63 项“其他”——387 项研究。对于不同类别的精神分裂症患者来说，心理治疗试验的平均规模较小（107），但也有一些值得注意且重要的例外。结论 我们报告了一种在评估研究中对心理治疗干预进行分类的实用方法，其应用范围超出了精神分裂症。需要就心理治疗的分类和报告达成共识。临床意义 这种分类可以帮助临床医生、临床实践指南制定者和证据综合专家识别和比较相同或不同类别的干预措施。本研究中分析的干预类别的完整数据库可根据要求向作者索取。