This article provides a prospective study of mobility policies for the private car and public transit (PT) modes of transportation in the Paris Ile-de-France region. Different economic instruments are considered: pricing of car traffic or transit service, subsidizing PT, and investment in PT to improve service quality. Policy scenarios are defined and assessed according to multiple criteria: users’ benefits, PT production costs and fare revenues, public subsidies, and environmental damage both local (air pollution) and global (carbon emissions). The social, economic, and environmental impacts are monetized and aggregated in a wellbeing function. While a first set of scenarios are specified directly, two other sets of scenarios are calculated by optimizing the wellbeing function with respect to action variables on the transit mode in the medium or long run. The regional mobility system is modeled in a structural way: concentric subregions, travel demand segmented by geographical and behavioral conditions, environmental impacts based on road and rail traffic, and car mode and transit mode depicted each as a set of technical components involving 1 to 3 structural factors that can make action levers. This model-based methodology allows for trading between different kinds of impacts and identifying performance-oriented policy packages.

中文翻译：

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在定价和投资之间，法兰西岛有哪些流动政策会比较有利？

本文对巴黎法兰西岛地区的私家车和公共交通（PT）运输方式的出行政策进行了前瞻性研究。考虑了不同的经济手段：汽车交通或公交服务的定价，补贴PT，以及对PT进行投资以提高服务质量。根据多种标准定义和评估政策方案：用户的利益，PT生产成本和票价收入，公共补贴以及本地（空气污染）和全球（碳排放）的环境损害。社会，经济和环境影响通过福利功能货币化和汇总。虽然直接指定了第一组方案，通过针对中期或长期运输模式下的行动变量优化福利函数，可以计算出另外两组情景。区域交通系统以结构化方式建模：同心的次区域，按地理和行为条件划分的出行需求，基于公路和铁路交通的环境影响以及汽车模式和公交模式分别描述为一组涉及1到3的技术组件可以构成行动杠杆的结构性因素。这种基于模型的方法允许在不同类型的影响之间进行交易，并确定面向绩效的策略包。汽车模式和大众运输模式分别描绘为一组技术组件，涉及1至3个可以构成操纵杆的结构因素。这种基于模型的方法允许在不同类型的影响之间进行交易，并确定面向绩效的策略包。汽车模式和大众运输模式分别描绘为一组技术组件，涉及1至3个可以构成操纵杆的结构因素。这种基于模型的方法允许在不同类型的影响之间进行交易，并确定面向绩效的策略包。