Socioeconomic status (SES) and education (EDU) are phenotypically associated with psychiatric disorders and behaviours. It remains unclear how these associations influence genetic risk for psychopathology, psychosocial factors and EDU and/or SES (EDU/SES) individually. Using information from >1 million individuals, we conditioned the genetic risk for psychiatric disorders, personality traits, brain imaging phenotypes and externalizing behaviours with genome-wide data for EDU/SES. Accounting for EDU/SES significantly affected the observed heritability of psychiatric traits, ranging from 2.44% h² decrease for bipolar disorder to 14.2% h² decrease for Tourette syndrome. Neuroticism h² significantly increased by 20.23% after conditioning with SES. After EDU/SES conditioning, neuronal cell types were identified for risky behaviour (excitatory), major depression (inhibitory), schizophrenia (excitatory and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated) and bipolar disorder (excitatory). Conditioning with EDU/SES also revealed unidirectional causality between brain morphology, psychopathology and psychosocial factors. Our results indicate that genetic discoveries related to psychopathology and psychosocial factors may be limited by genetic overlap with EDU/SES.

社会经济地位（SES）和教育（EDU）在表型上与精神疾病和行为相关。目前尚不清楚这些关联如何单独影响精神病理学、心理社会因素和 EDU 和/或 SES (EDU/SES) 的遗传风险。利用来自超过 100 万人的信息，我们利用 EDU/SES 的全基因组数据调节了精神疾病、人格特征、大脑成像表型和外化行为的遗传风险。EDU/SES 的计算显着影响了观察到的精神特征的遗传力，范围从双相情感障碍的2.44% h ^{2减少到抽动秽语综合征的 14.2%} h ²减少。SES调节后神经质h ^{2显着增加20.23%。}经过 EDU/SES 调节后，确定了危险行为（兴奋性）、重度抑郁症（抑制性）、精神分裂症（兴奋性和 γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA) 介导）和躁郁症（兴奋性）的神经元细胞类型。EDU/SES 调节还揭示了大脑形态、精神病理学和心理社会因素之间的单向因果关系。我们的结果表明，与精神病理学和心理社会因素相关的遗传发现可能会受到与 EDU/SES 遗传重叠的限制。