Automation and real-time control have long been used in urban wastewater systems. However, there is a critical need to review how real-time control contributes to sustainable water management. This review provides a systematic review of the role of real-time control towards creating a sustainable wastewater system. This review identifies the social, economic and environmental pillars of sustainability that can be achieved using automation and control systems, considering individual systems and different scales of integration. Results obtained from a systematic literature review show that previous research on automation and control related to sustainability in the water sector focuses on addressing economic issues (mainly operational cost reduction) and improving the quality of the water environment, while the social pillar of sustainability is not addressed to a significant degree. Integrated control is identified as a promising approach to address the three pillars of sustainability. Future research on automaton and real-time control in the water and wastewater system needs to explicitly demonstrate the contribution of control strategies towards the attributes of sustainability. To this end, regulatory bodies should focus on creating an overarching sustainability framework with indicators of sustainability clearly defined. Further, addressing three pillars of sustainability requires an integrated approach at a catchment scale where upstream and downstream processes are considered.

长期以来，自动化和实时控制已在城市废水系统中使用。但是，迫切需要审查实时控制如何有助于可持续水管理。这篇综述提供了对实时控制在创建可持续废水系统中的作用的系统评价。这项审查确定了可持续性的社会，经济和环境支柱，可以考虑单个系统和不同规模的集成，使用自动化和控制系统来实现。从系统的文献回顾中获得的结果表明，先前对与水行业可持续性相关的自动化和控制的研究专注于解决经济问题（主要是降低运营成本）和改善水环境质量，而可持续性的社会支柱并未得到很大重视。综合控制被认为是解决可持续性三大支柱的有前途的方法。供水和废水系统中自动机和实时控制的未来研究需要明确证明控制策略对可持续性的贡献。为此，监管机构应集中精力建立一个总体可持续性框架，并明确定义可持续性指标。此外，要解决可持续性的三大支柱，就需要在集水区规模上综合考虑上游和下游流程。供水和废水系统中自动机和实时控制的未来研究需要明确证明控制策略对可持续性的贡献。为此，监管机构应集中精力建立一个总体可持续性框架，并明确定义可持续性指标。此外，要解决可持续性的三大支柱，就需要在集水区规模上综合考虑上游和下游流程。供水和废水系统中自动机和实时控制的未来研究需要明确证明控制策略对可持续性的贡献。为此，监管机构应集中精力建立一个总体可持续性框架，并明确定义可持续性指标。此外，要解决可持续性的三大支柱，就需要在集水区规模上综合考虑上游和下游流程。