Abstract

Rapid and reliable diagnosis for diarrhoeal disease is critically important for the differentiation of etiological agents and subsequent suitable treatment modalities. The objective of the study is to reveal the seasonal pattern in the occurrence of rotavirus in diarrheic children, calves and piglets from Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. A total of 115 diarrhoeal samples were collected, out of which 51 were collected during post-monsoon/autumn (September 2018–November 2018) and 64 during the winter season (December 2018–February 2019). The samples were collected from children <5 years (n = 50), piglets <3 months (n = 35) and calves <6 months of age (n = 30). These samples were screened by ribonucleic acid-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RNA-PAGE) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by targeting the VP6 gene of rotavirus A (RVA) and the two were compared. In RNA-PAGE 29.4% (5/17), 6.3% (1/16) and 0% (0/18) samples collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively were rotavirus positive during the autumn season while 45.5% (15/33), 21.4% (3/14) and 17.7% (3/17) samples in the winter season. In RT-PCR, 41.2% (7/17), 12.5% (2/16) and 0% (0/18) samples were rotavirus positive in the autumn season while 51.5% (17/33), 28.6% (4/14) and 29.4% (5/17) samples in winter season collected from children, calves and piglets, respectively. On statistical analysis, no significant difference between the season and number of positives in children and calves (p > 0.05) was observed, however in piglets significantly higher number of RVA positives were detected in the winter season than autumn (p < 0.01). The diagnostic test comparison of RNA-PAGE and RT-PCR showed no statistically significant difference in detecting the RVA positives (p > 0.05). Overall the percent positivity showed a seasonal pattern with higher positivity in winter as compared to autumn season.

摘要

腹泻病的快速可靠诊断对于区分病原体和随后的合适治疗方式至关重要。该研究的目的是揭示轮状病毒在印度北方邦巴雷利的腹泻儿童、小牛和仔猪中发生的季节性模式。总共收集了 115 个腹泻样本，其中 51 个是在季风过后/秋季（2018 年 9 月至 2018 年 11 月）期间收集的，64 个是在冬季（2018 年 12 月至 2019 年 2 月）收集的。样本采集自 5 岁以下的儿童 ( n  = 50)、3 个月以下的仔猪 ( n  = 35) 和 6 个月以下的小牛 ( n = 30）。通过靶向VP6，通过核糖核酸-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (RNA-PAGE) 和逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 筛选这些样品轮状病毒A基因（RVA）与两者进行比较。在 RNA-PAGE 中，29.4% (5/17)、6.3% (1/16) 和 0% (0/18) 的儿童、小牛和仔猪样本在秋季分别呈轮状病毒阳性，而 45.5% (15/ 33)、21.4% (3/14) 和 17.7% (3/17) 样本在冬季。在 RT-PCR 中，41.2%（7/17）、12.5%（2/16）和 0%（0/18）样本在秋季轮状病毒呈阳性，而 51.5%（17/33）、28.6%（4/ 14) 和 29.4% (5/17) 的冬季样本分别从儿童、小牛和仔猪身上采集。在统计分析中，未观察到儿童和犊牛的季节和阳性数量之间存在显着差异 ( p  > 0.05)，但在冬季仔猪中检测到的 RVA 阳性数量显着高于秋季 ( p < 0.01)。RNA-PAGE 和 RT-PCR 的诊断测试比较显示在检测 RVA 阳性方面无统计学差异（p  > 0.05）。总体而言，阳性百分比显示出季节性模式，与秋季相比，冬季的阳性率更高。