ZURAM is an ablative carbon–phenolic thermal protection material, developed by the DLR, German Aerospace Center (DLR) in cooperation with the Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart. In addition to building up a basic competence in the sector of ablative thermal protection materials, an objective of the development was to provide a nonclassified ablative material for university research. ZURAM is comparable to similar low-density ablative thermal protection materials with respect to the material density and general ablative performance. It is based on a rigid, highly porous carbon fiber preform, which is filled with a nano-porous matrix derived from a phenolic resin. In the context of the ongoing material development, possibilities to improve the material were investigated with the aim to lower its thermal conductivity and to enhance the adaptability to varying mission profiles. Preliminary results indicate that by substituting the carbon preform with a phenolic fiber preform, a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity can be achieved while recession rates are comparable to the ones of standard ZURAM. The scope of the present work is the development of ZURAM-K based on phenolic Kynol fibers. Furthermore, results from tests in the arc-heated DLR facilities L2K and L3K, as well as data on the thermal conductivity and heat capacity, will be presented.

ZURAM是一种烧蚀的碳-酚类热防护材料，由德国航空航天中心（DLR）的DLR与斯图加特大学空间系统研究所合作开发。除了在烧蚀热防护材料领域建立基本能力外，开发的目的是为大学研究提供一种非分类的烧蚀材料。就材料密度和总体烧蚀性能而言，ZURAM可与类似的低密度烧蚀热防护材料媲美。它基于刚性的，高度多孔的碳纤维预成型件，其中填充有衍生自酚醛树脂的纳米多孔基体。在持续不断的物质发展的背景下，为了降低材料的热导率并增强其对各种任务曲线的适应性，研究了改进材料的可能性。初步结果表明，用酚醛纤维预制棒代替碳预制棒，可以显着降低热导率，而衰退率与标准ZURAM相当。本工作的范围是基于酚基Kynol纤维的ZURAM-K的开发。此外，还将介绍在电弧加热的DLR设备L2K和L3K中进行的测试结果，以及有关热导率和热容量的数据。可以显着降低热导率，而衰退率与标准ZURAM相当。本工作的范围是基于酚基Kynol纤维的ZURAM-K的开发。此外，还将介绍在电弧加热的DLR设备L2K和L3K中进行的测试结果，以及有关热导率和热容量的数据。可以显着降低热导率，而衰退率与标准ZURAM相当。本工作的范围是基于酚基Kynol纤维的ZURAM-K的开发。此外，还将介绍在电弧加热的DLR设备L2K和L3K中进行的测试结果，以及有关热导率和热容量的数据。