Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and RNA (cfRNA) hold enormous potential as a new class of biomarkers for the development of non-invasive liquid biopsies in many diseases and conditions. In recent years, cfDNA and cfRNA have been studied intensely as tools for non-invasive prenatal testing, solid organ transplantation, cancer screening, and monitoring of tumors. In obesity, higher cfDNA concentration indicates accelerated cellular turnover of adipocytes during expansion of adipose mass and may be directly involved in the development of adipose tissue insulin resistance by inducing inflammation. Furthermore, cfDNA and cfRNA have promising diagnostic value in a range of obesity-related metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and diabetic complications. Here, we review the current and future applications of cfDNA and cfRNA within clinical diagnostics, discuss technical and analytical challenges in the field, and summarise the opportunities of using cfDNA and cfRNA in the diagnostics and prognostics of obesity-related metabolic disorders.

中文翻译：

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无细胞 DNA 和 RNA - 以代谢紊乱为重点的临床诊断中的测量和应用

循环无细胞 DNA (cfDNA) 和 RNA (cfRNA) 作为一类新型生物标志物具有巨大的潜力，可用于在许多疾病和条件下开发非侵入性液体活检。近年来，cfDNA 和 cfRNA 作为无创产前检测、实体器官移植、癌症筛查和肿瘤监测的工具得到了深入研究。在肥胖症中，较高的 cfDNA 浓度表明脂肪细胞在脂肪量扩张期间加速细胞更新，并且可能通过诱导炎症直接参与脂肪组织胰岛素抵抗的发展。此外，cfDNA 和 cfRNA 在一系列与肥胖相关的代谢疾病中具有良好的诊断价值，例如非酒精性脂肪肝、2 型糖尿病和糖尿病并发症。这里，