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Sustainable landscape, soil and crop management practices enhance biodiversity and yield in conventional cereal systems
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13821 Sarah Redlich 1 , Emily A. Martin 1, 2 , Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter 1
中文翻译：
可持续的景观，土壤和农作物管理方法可提高传统谷物系统的生物多样性和单产
更新日期：2020-12-21
Journal of Applied Ecology ( IF 5.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13821 Sarah Redlich 1 , Emily A. Martin 1, 2 , Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter 1
Affiliation
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- Input‐driven, modern agriculture is commonly associated with large‐scale threats to biodiversity, the disruption of ecosystem services and long‐term risks to food security and human health. A switch to more sustainable yet highly productive farming practices seems unavoidable. However, an integrative evaluation of targeted management schemes at field and landscape scales is currently lacking. Furthermore, the often‐disproportionate influence of soil conditions and agrochemicals on yields may mask the benefits of biodiversity‐driven ecosystem services.
- Here, we used a real‐world ecosystem approach to identify sustainable management practices for enhanced functional biodiversity and yield on 28 temperate wheat fields. Using path analysis, we assessed direct and indirect links between soil, crop and landscape management with natural enemies and pests, as well as follow‐on effects on yield quantity and quality. A paired‐field design with a crossed insecticide‐fertilizer experiment allowed us to control for the relative influence of soil characteristics and agrochemical inputs.
- We demonstrate that biodiversity‐enhancing management options such as reduced tillage, crop rotation diversity and small field size can enhance natural enemies without relying on agrochemical inputs. Similarly, we show that in this system controlling pests and weeds by agrochemical means is less relevant than expected for final crop productivity.
- Synthesis and applications. Our study highlights soil, crop and landscape management practices that can enhance beneficial biodiversity while reducing agrochemical usage and negative environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. The diversification of cropping systems and conservation tillage are practical measures most farmers can implement without productivity losses. Combining local measures with improved landscape management may also strengthen the sustainability and resilience of cropping systems in light of future global change.
中文翻译：
可持续的景观，土壤和农作物管理方法可提高传统谷物系统的生物多样性和单产
- 投入驱动的现代农业通常与对生物多样性的大规模威胁，生态系统服务的破坏以及对粮食安全和人类健康的长期风险相关。似乎不可避免地要转向更具可持续性但高产的耕作方式。但是，目前尚缺乏对田间和景观规模的目标管理方案的综合评估。此外，土壤条件和农药对产量的影响往往不成比例，这可能掩盖了生物多样性驱动的生态系统服务的好处。
- 在这里，我们使用了现实世界的生态系统方法来确定可持续管理实践，以增强28个温带麦田的功能生物多样性和单产。通过路径分析，我们评估了土壤，作物和景观管理与天敌和害虫之间的直接和间接联系，以及对产量和质量的后续影响。配对田间设计和交叉杀虫剂肥料实验使我们能够控制土壤特性和农药投入的相对影响。
- 我们证明了提高生物多样性的管理选择，例如减少耕种，轮作多样性和田地面积小，可以在不依靠农药的情况下增加天敌。同样，我们表明，在该系统中，通过农业化学手段控制害虫和杂草与最终作物生产力的相关性不及预期。
- 综合与应用。我们的研究重点介绍了土壤，作物和景观管理实践，这些实践可以增强有益的生物多样性，同时减少农药的使用和常规农业的负面环境影响。种植系统的多样化和保护性耕作是大多数农民可以实施而又不造成生产力损失的实际措施。结合未来的全球变化，将当地措施与改善的景观管理相结合还可以增强种植系统的可持续性和适应力。
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