The introduction of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Puglia (Italy) has disturbed the flow of ecosystem services (ES). We assessed the short- and long term impacts of this disease and the control measures against it on ES provisioning and biodiversity in the olive-producing agroecosystem of Puglia at a landscape level by using an ES framework in combination with expert knowledge elicitation. Experts estimated the minimum, maximum and most likely relative reductions in ES delivery and biodiversity components in the affected area. The estimates were used to fit a PERT distribution. Results show that the loss of olive trees (the main woody plant in the region) in general, and of centenarian olive trees in particular, has affected ES delivery. The delivery of ES is estimated to diminish by 34% and 30% in the short- and long term, respectively, mainly due to the impact of the disease on food (olive) production, ornamental resources, soil erosion regulation, primary production and cultural heritage. Biodiversity components are estimated to diminish by 28%, mainly due to the impact of the disease on genetic diversity and habitats of high conservation value. The study provides a first assessment of the wider environmental impacts of Xylella fastdiosa subsp. pauca, which can serve as a basis for formulating hypotheses for further investigation.

Xylella fastidiosa亚种的介绍。包卡普利亚（意大利）的生态系统干扰了生态系统服务（ES）的流动。我们结合ES框架和专家知识的启发，评估了该病的短期和长期影响，以及在景观层面上对普利亚产橄榄农业生态系统中ES供应和生物多样性的短期控制措施。专家们估计，受灾地区的ES交付量和生物多样性组成部分的最小，最大和最可能的相对减少量。估计值用于拟合PERT分布。结果表明，一般而言，橄榄树（该地区主要的木本植物）的损失，尤其是百岁老人橄榄树的损失，影响了ES的交付。ES的交付量在短期和长期内估计分别减少34％和30％，主要是由于该病对粮食（橄榄）生产，观赏资源，土壤侵蚀调节，初级生产和文化遗产的影响。据估计，生物多样性的组成部分将减少28％，这主要是由于该病对遗传多样性和具有高保护价值的生境的影响。该研究提供了对以下方面更广泛的环境影响的初步评估木霉fastdiosa亚种。pauca，可以作为提出进一步研究假设的基础。