A 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) sensor, measuring three components of translational acceleration and three components of rotation rate, provides the full history of motion it is exposed to. In Earth sciences 6DoF sensors have shown great potential in exploring the interior of our planet and its seismic sources. In space sciences, apart from navigation, 6DoF sensors are, up to now, only rarely used to answer scientific questions. As a first step of establishing 6DoF motion sensing deeper into space sciences, this article describes novel scientific approaches based on 6DoF motion sensing with substantial potential for constraining the interior structure of planetary objects and asteroids. Therefore we estimate 6DoF-signal levels that originate from lander–surface interactions during landing and touchdown, from a body’s rotational dynamics as well as from seismic ground motions. We discuss these signals for an exemplary set of target bodies including Dimorphos, Phobos, Europa, the Earth’s Moon and Mars and compare those to self-noise levels of state-of-the-art sensors.

中文翻译：

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使用 6DoF 传感器探索行星和小行星：乌托邦和现实主义

一个 6 自由度 (6DoF) 传感器测量平移加速度的三个分量和旋转速率的三个分量，提供它所经历的完整运动历史。在地球科学领域，6DoF 传感器在探索地球内部及其地震源方面显示出巨大潜力。在空间科学中，除了导航之外，6DoF 传感器目前很少用于回答科学问题。作为在空间科学中更深入地建立 6DoF 运动传感的第一步，本文描述了基于 6DoF 运动传感的新科学方法，该方法具有限制行星物体和小行星内部结构的巨大潜力。因此，我们估计着陆和着陆期间源自着陆器-表面相互作用的 6DoF 信号水平，来自物体的旋转动力学以及地震地面运动。我们讨论了一组示例性目标天体的这些信号，包括 Dimorphos、Phobos、Europa、地球的月球和火星，并将这些信号与最先进传感器的自噪声水平进行比较。