Till 2020 the predominant key success factors of battery development have been overwhelmingly energy density, power density, lifetime, safety, and costs per kWh. That is why there is a high expectation on energy storage systems such as lithium-air (Li-O2) and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) systems, especially for mobile applications. These systems have high theoretical specific energy densities compared to conventional Li-Ion systems. If the challenges such as practical implementation, low energy efficiency, and cycle life are handled, these systems could provide an interesting energy source for EVs. However, various raw materials are increasingly under critical discussion. Though only 3 wt% of metallic lithium is present in a modern Li-ion cell, absolute high amounts of lithium demand will rise due to the fast-growing market for traction and stationary batteries. Moreover, many lithium sources are not available without compromising environmental aspects. Therefore, there is a growing focus on alternative technologies such as Na-ion and Zn-ion batteries. On a view of Na-ion batteries, especially the combination with carbons derived from food waste as negative electrodes may generate a promising overall cost structure, though energy densities are not as favorable as for Li-ion batteries. Within the scope of this work, the future potential of sodium-based batteries will be discussed in view of sustainability and abundance vs. maximization of electric performance. The major directions of cathode materials development are reviewed and the tendency towards designing high-performance systems is discussed. This paper provides an outlook on the potential of sodium-based batteries in the future battery market of mobile and stationary applications.

到2020年，电池开发的主要成功关键因素是压倒性的能量密度，功率密度，寿命，安全性和每千瓦时成本。这就是为什么人们对储能系统（例如锂空气（Li-O2）和锂硫（Li-S）系统）寄予厚望的原因，尤其是对于移动应用而言。与常规锂离子系统相比，这些系统具有较高的理论比能量密度。如果应对诸如实际实施，低能效和循环寿命之类的挑战，这些系统将为电动汽车提供有趣的能源。但是，各种原材料的讨论日益增多。尽管现代锂离子电池中仅存在3 wt％的金属锂，由于牵引和固定电池市场的快速增长，绝对大量的锂需求将上升。而且，在不影响环境方面的前提下，许多锂源是不可用的。因此，人们越来越关注替代技术，例如钠离子和锌离子电池。从钠离子电池的角度来看，特别是与食物残渣中的碳作为负电极的结合可能产生有希望的总体成本结构，尽管能量密度不如锂离子电池好。在这项工作的范围内，将基于可持续性和丰度与电性能的最大化来讨论钠基电池的未来潜力。回顾了阴极材料发展的主要方向，并讨论了设计高性能系统的趋势。本文对钠基电池在未来移动和固定式电池市场中的潜力进行了展望。