Stocking Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss to create additional angling opportunities is common; however, the spatial and temporal dynamics of such stocking practices are unclear in groundwater-influenced, warmwater streams. Our objectives were to determine Rainbow Trout dispersal from a stocking location on Spavinaw Creek, Oklahoma and to quantify apparent survival of two cohorts of Rainbow Trout stocked in November 2018 and February 2019. Rainbow Trout were PIT-tagged prior to autumn (N = 495) and winter (N = 605) stocking and located poststocking using both an active floating array and two passive fixed arrays. We actively tracked a 6-km extent every 2–3 weeks poststocking and found that PIT-tagged Rainbow Trout dispersal ranged from 0 to 4 km with ~90% of detected tagged fish remaining within 1 km of the stocking location. Directional movement by stocked Rainbow Trout was evident with upstream movements related to increases in daily water discharge and downstream movements related to decreases in daily discharge. Estimated apparent weekly survival of Rainbow Trout was lowest during the first 2 weeks poststocking (91% and 75% for autumn and spring cohorts, respectively). Apparent weekly survival rates for both autumn and spring stocked fish increased through winter and spring when maximum water temperatures were below 25℃, reaching survival rates of 99% by the end of spring. Rainbow Trout persisted in Spavinaw Creek throughout the summer; however, the weekly apparent survival rate declined for both cohorts (93%) when maximum daily water temperatures exceeded 25°C. Our results can be used to guide stocking decisions in similar warmwater streams and suggest that Rainbow Trout persist through spring and summer poststocking under the conditions encountered during our study.

中文翻译：

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在受地下水影响的温水溪流中放养的虹鳟鱼的生存和运动模式

放养虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss以创造更多垂钓机会很常见；然而，在受地下水影响的温水溪流中，这种放养做法的空间和时间动态尚不清楚。我们的目标是确定虹鳟鱼在俄克拉荷马州 Spavinaw Creek 的放养地点的散布情况，并量化 2018 年 11 月和 2019 年 2 月放养的两批虹鳟鱼的表观存活率。虹鳟鱼在秋季之前进行了 PIT 标记 ( N  = 495)和冬天 ( N = 605) 使用有源浮动阵列和两个无源固定阵列进行放养和定位后放养。我们在放养后每 2-3 周主动跟踪 6 公里范围，发现带有 PIT 标记的虹鳟鱼的扩散范围为 0 到 4 公里，大约 90% 的检测到的标记鱼留在放养地点 1 公里范围内。放养的虹鳟鱼的定向运动很明显，上游运动与每日排水量增加有关，下游运动与每日排放量减少有关。在放养后的前 2 周，虹鳟鱼的估计表观每周存活率最低（秋季和春季组分别为 91% 和 75%）。当最高水温低于 25℃ 时，秋季和春季放养的鱼的表观每周成活率在冬季和春季都会增加，到春末达到99%的成活率。整个夏天，虹鳟鱼都在 Spavinaw Creek 栖息。然而，当最高每日水温超过 25°C 时，两个队列的每周表观存活率均下降 (93%)。我们的结果可用于指导类似温水溪流中的放养决定，并表明在我们研究期间遇到的条件下，虹鳟鱼会在春季和夏季放养后持续存在。