Iranian wheat landrace accessions (IWAs) were collected from country‐wide farm fields and market places in 1935 by a professor at the University of Tehran and shared with University of California at Davis, California. IWAs were further submitted to the genebank of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico. 2,403 IWAs from CIMMYT’s genebank were assayed by DArT‐seq technology to assess genetic diversity. No apparent ecogeographic patterns related to genetic diversity were detected, probably due to long‐term transport and frequent interchange of landraces among farmers. A multivariate clustering procedure combining genotypic and phenotypic information was used in selecting a core‐set, which represented 15% of the hexaploid wheat accessions included in this study. This subset captured an estimated 93% of rare (frequency <0.05) alleles. Multisite phenotypic data (India, Mexico) validated the ability of the core‐set in detecting useful variants. Potential donor accessions for multiple traits (disease resistance, zinc concentration) were identified from the core‐set for wheat‐breeding. This report illustrates a breeder friendly robust core‐set formulation strategy for harnessing the useful genetic variation stored in the genebanks.

中文翻译：

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战略性使用伊朗面包小麦地方品种的遗传改良：核心集的制定和验证

1935年，伊朗德黑兰大学的一位教授从全国农田和市场上收集了伊朗小麦地方品种（IWA），并与加利福尼亚戴维斯的加利福尼亚大学共享。IWA已进一步提交给墨西哥国际玉米和小麦改良中心（CIMMYT）的种质库。通过DArT-seq技术分析了CIMMYT基因库中的2,403个IWA，以评估遗传多样性。没有发现与遗传多样性有关的明显生态地理模式，这可能是由于农民之间的长期运输和地方品种的频繁交换所致。使用基因型和表型信息相结合的多元聚类程序选择核心集，占本研究中六倍体小麦种质的15％。该子集捕获了大约93％的稀有（频率<0。05）等位基因。多站点表型数据（印度，墨西哥）验证了核心集检测有用变体的能力。从小麦育种的核心设置中确定了多个性状（疾病抗性，锌浓度）的潜在供体登录。本报告说明了育种人员友好的稳健核心集制定策略，可利用种质库中存储的有用遗传变异。