BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders are challenging differential diagnoses of multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, there is uncertainty, whether to test all MS patients for corresponding antibodies. Our objective was to provide a systematic study on the frequency of MOG and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibodies in MS patients to evaluate a possible risk of misclassification. METHODS Retrospective study in MS patients (including an unselected cohort of patients diagnosed with MS, a cohort of patients with PPMS and a healthy control group) for seroprevalence of MOG and AQP4 autoantibodies by cell-based assay. RESULTS None of 241 patients with relapsing-remitting, 19 with secondary progressive and 82 with primary progressive MS revealed MOG or AQP4 autoantibodies. CONCLUSION General testing of MOG and AQP4 autoantibodies in MS patients seems not necessary, but should be limited to selected cases only.

中文翻译：

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MOG 和 AQP4 自身抗体检测时多发性硬化的诊断——单中心研究

背景髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白-IgG 相关脑脊髓炎 (MOG-EM) 和视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病对多发性硬化症 (MS) 的鉴别诊断具有挑战性。因此，是否对所有 MS 患者进行相应抗体检测存在不确定性。我们的目标是对 MS 患者中 MOG 和水通道蛋白 4 (AQP4) 自身抗体的频率进行系统研究，以评估错误分类的可能风险。方法 回顾性研究 MS 患者（包括一组未选择的诊断为 MS 的患者、一组 PPMS 患者和一个健康对照组）通过基于细胞的测定法检测 MOG 和 AQP4 自身抗体的血清阳性率。结果 241 名复发缓解型患者、19 名继发进展型 MS 患者和 82 名原发性进展型 MS 患者均未发现 MOG 或 AQP4 自身抗体。