The purpose of this study was to develop a highly comfortable 3D male hip protector using 3D modeling and printing technologies. The hip protector pads and patterns were devised using 3D human body shapes, and three types of pads were chosen in consideration of snowboarding motions. The three types of pads were as follows: first, the original type with no hole; second, an inner open type with an incision on the inside; and third, an outer open type, with an incision on the outside. Another variable of the protective pads was the material: 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) pad + ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) foam or only EVA foam. Six types of pad prototypes were 3D printed and evaluated for subjective wearing comfort. Subjective comfort, fit, activity comfort, and shock absorption were evaluated on an 11-point Likert scale. The study results showed that protectors printed using TPU material were not different from the results of 3D modeling. The evaluation results revealed that comfort, fit, and motion comfort were all negatively evaluated by subjects when wearing the original pad. While fit, comfort, and motion comfort were all positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the outer open-type pad, and comfort and motion comfort were positively evaluated by subjects when wearing the inner open-type pad. With respect to materials, pads made with the 3D printing (TPU) and EVA foam combination provided the best results in terms of overall comfort, buttocks comfort, and activity comfort.

中文翻译：

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利用3D建模和3D打印技术开发用于滑雪板的髋部保护器

这项研究的目的是使用3D建模和打印技术开发一种高度舒适的3D男性臀部保护器。髋部保护垫和图案使用3D人体形状设计，并考虑了滑雪运动选择了三种类型的垫。三种类型的垫如下：第一，没有孔的原始类型。第二种是内部开放式，内部有切口。第三，外部开放式，外部有切口。保护垫的另一个变量是材料：3D打印热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）垫+乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）泡沫或仅EVA泡沫。3D打印了六种类型的护垫原型，并对其主观穿着舒适度进行了评估。主观舒适度，贴身度，运动舒适度和减震度以11点李克特量表进行评估。研究结果表明，使用TPU材料打印的保护膜与3D建模的结果没有区别。评估结果表明，佩戴原始垫时，受试者对舒适度，贴合度和运动舒适度均进行了负面评估。佩戴外开式垫时，受试者对贴合性，舒适性和运动舒适性均给予正面评价，而佩戴内开式垫时，受试者均对舒适性和运动舒适性进行正面评价。在材料方面，以3D打印（TPU）和EVA泡沫制成的垫在整体舒适度，臀部舒适度和运动舒适度方面提供了最佳效果。佩戴原始护垫时，受试者对运动舒适度和运动舒适度的评价均为负面。佩戴外开式垫时，受试者对贴合性，舒适性和运动舒适性均给予正面评价，而佩戴内开式垫时，受试者均对舒适性和运动舒适性进行正面评价。在材料方面，以3D打印（TPU）和EVA泡沫制成的垫在整体舒适度，臀部舒适度和运动舒适度方面提供了最佳效果。佩戴原始护垫时，受试者对运动舒适度和运动舒适度的评价均为负面。佩戴外开式垫时，受试者对贴合性，舒适性和运动舒适性均给予正面评价，而佩戴内开式垫时，受试者均对舒适性和运动舒适性进行正面评价。在材料方面，以3D打印（TPU）和EVA泡沫制成的垫在整体舒适度，臀部舒适度和运动舒适度方面提供了最佳效果。