The aim of this study was to develop a 3D printable radiopaque ink and successfully print a finished artifact. Radiopaque 3D printing would be hugely beneficial to improve the visibility of medical devices and implants, as well as allowing more realistic phantoms and calibration aids to be produced. Most 3D printing technologies are polymer based. Polymers are naturally radiolucent, allowing X-rays to pass through, showing up as faint dark gray regions on X-ray detectors, as for soft tissues. During this study, a 3D printable ultraviolet (UV) curable resin containing zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanoparticles was developed. 5 wt.% ZrO₂ was dispersed in a base resin using a high-shear mixer. Particles remained in suspension for 6–8 h at room temperature, allowing time for 3D printing. A model of a hand including radiopaque bones and a test block demonstrating a range of internal radiopaque features were successfully 3D printed. Radiopacity was demonstrated in the 3D-printed models, and there was good dispersion of ZrO₂ within the resin matrix. The impregnated resin remained UV curable and viscosity was not compromised. In this study, 3D-printed radiopaque features demonstrated clear radiopacity under X-ray and microcomputed tomography imaging.

中文翻译：

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使用 PolyJet 3D 打印的不透射线纳米颗粒墨水用于医疗应用

本研究的目的是开发一种可 3D 打印的不透射线墨水并成功打印出成品。不透射线的 3D 打印对于提高医疗设备和植入物的可见性以及允许生产更逼真的模型和校准辅助工具将非常有益。大多数 3D 打印技术都是基于聚合物的。聚合物具有天然的射线可透性，允许 X 射线通过，在 X 射线检测器上显示为微弱的深灰色区域，就像软组织一样。在这项研究中，开发了一种含有氧化锆 (ZrO ₂ ) 纳米粒子的可 3D 打印紫外线 (UV) 固化树脂。5 wt.% ZrO ₂使用高剪切混合器将其分散在基础树脂中。颗粒在室温下保持悬浮 6-8 小时，为 3D 打印留出时间。成功地 3D 打印了手部模型，包括不透射线的骨骼和展示一系列内部不透射线特征的试块。3D 打印模型展示了射线不透性，并且 ZrO ₂在树脂基质中分散良好。浸渍后的树脂仍可进行紫外线固化，并且粘度没有受到影响。在这项研究中，3D 打印的不透射线特征在 X 射线和微型计算机断层扫描成像下表现出清晰的不透射线。