The aim of this study was to synthesize Hydroxyapatite (HA) from carp bone waste by calcination treatment. The effects of calcination temperature and time on crystallite size, crystallinity%, powder size and morphology, formed phases, and Ca/P ratio were analyzed. The XRD analyses indicated that for 1 h calcination time, HA was the only phase produced at all temperatures. However, for 5 h calcination time, temperatures other than 700ºC resulted in formation of TCP+HA. The HA obtained at 700ºC at both times had less crystallinity compared to other temperatures. Crystallite size increased by increase in temperature at 1 h calcination time. The smallest and largest particulate sizes were obtained at 800ºC for 1 h and 900ºC for 5 h, respectively. The Ca/P ratio close to theoretical value (1.67) was obtained for 5 h calcination time. Finally, the results showed the usefulness of the methodology used in natural HA production that can be used in orthopedics and dentistry.

中文翻译：

---

从鲤鱼骨废料低成本合成纳米羟基磷灰石：煅烧时间和温度的影响

这项研究的目的是通过煅烧处理从鲤鱼骨废料中合成羟基磷灰石（HA）。分析了煅烧温度和时间对微晶尺寸，结晶度％，粉末尺寸和形貌，形成相和Ca / P比的影响。XRD分析表明，在1小时的煅烧时间中，HA是在所有温度下产生的唯一相。但是，在5个小时的煅烧时间内，除700ºC之外的其他温度均导致形成TCP + HA。与其他温度相比，两次在700ºC下获得的HA的结晶度均较低。煅烧时间为1 h，微晶尺寸随温度升高而增加。在800ºC下1 h和900ºC下5 h分别获得了最小和最大的颗粒尺寸。在5 h的煅烧时间内，Ca / P比接近理论值（1.67）。最后，