A fire outbreak in a urban tunnel with congested traffic may pose a great danger to all tunnel users. The main threat to human life in an urban tunnel fire is thick toxic smoke quickly filling large parts of the tunnel. It hinders evacuation and may even lead to lethal intoxication. Due to the potentially rapid development of the fire, people trapped will need to evacuate on their own. Thus, tunnel safety systems must support their self-rescue efforts. In this paper, several scenarios of fire accidents in a real urban tunnel are numerically investigated. The scenarios differed in road traffic state, fire power and fire detection time. To make them realistic the entire sequence of events during a tunnel fire was numerically modeled. First, the formation of congestion is examined using VISSIM software, then fire development is simulated by Fire Dynamic Simulator and finally, the evacuation process is modeled by PATHFINDER software. All data needed to build these numerical models correspond to real conditions of the selected urban tunnel under the Martwa Wisła river in Gdansk (Poland). The outcomes of the work suggest the number of threatened people may be very large even under common circumstances. In the worst case over a half of people trapped inside may come into contact, at least temporarily, with factors threatening health or live.

交通拥挤的城市隧道发生火灾可能对所有隧道使用者构成极大的危险。城市隧道火灾对人类生命的主要威胁是浓稠的有毒烟雾迅速填充了隧道的大部分区域。它会阻碍疏散，甚至可能导致致命的陶醉。由于火灾可能迅速发展，被困人员将需要自行撤离。因此，隧道安全系统必须支持其自救工作。本文通过数值方法研究了真实城市隧道中发生火灾的几种情况。场景在道路交通状态，火力和火情探测时间方面有所不同。为了使它们逼真，对隧道火灾期间的整个事件序列进行了数值建模。首先，使用VISSIM软件检查拥塞的形成，然后使用Fire Dynamic Simulator模拟火灾发展，最后使用PATHFINDER软件对疏散过程进行建模。建立这些数值模型所需的所有数据均与波兰格但斯克的MartwaWisła河下选定的城市隧道的实际情况相对应。工作成果表明，即使在通常情况下，受威胁的人数也可能很大。在最坏的情况下，一半以上困在里面的人可能会（至少暂时）接触威胁健康或生命的因素。工作成果表明，即使在通常情况下，受威胁的人数也可能很大。在最坏的情况下，一半以上困在里面的人可能会（至少暂时）接触威胁健康或生命的因素。工作成果表明，即使在通常情况下，受威胁的人数也可能很大。在最坏的情况下，一半以上困在里面的人可能会（至少暂时）接触威胁健康或生命的因素。