Abstract Strain gauges are commonly used for the instrumentation of ship structures to measure ice loads on the basis of shear strain differences. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to determine the load–strain relation of the instrumented area by calculating an Influence Coefficient Matrix (ICM). However, the accuracy of the measurement method and the influence of the load location and load length on the accuracy of the load determination are rarely assessed. Consequently, this paper identifies the accuracy of the ICM, discusses which structures are suitable for measurements of shear strain differences and presents possible improvements regarding these measurements. As load cases are systematically varied over a finite element model, the external load is recalculated based on the resulting shear strains. The number of strain gauges used for the measurement of shear strains has a significant impact on the ICM. For common instrumentation it was found that the ice load can only be accurately determined, if the ice load acts within the instrumented area. To overcome this limitation, an approach to determine the load location is presented among further recommendations.

中文翻译：

---

使用应变仪测量局部冰荷载下仪表化船舶结构的测量精度

摘要 应变计通常用于船舶结构的仪器仪表，以根据剪切应变差测量冰载荷。有限元分析 (FEA) 用于通过计算影响系数矩阵 (ICM) 来确定仪表区域的载荷-应变关系。然而，很少评估测量方法的准确性以及负载位置和负载长度对负载确定精度的影响。因此，本文确定了 ICM 的精度，讨论了哪些结构适合测量剪切应变差异，并提出了有关这些测量的可能改进。由于载荷工况在有限元模型上有系统地变化，外部载荷将根据产生的剪切应变重新计算。用于测量剪切应变的应变计的数量对 ICM 有重大影响。对于普通仪表，发现只有在冰载荷作用在仪表区域内时才能准确确定冰载荷。为了克服这一限制，在进一步的建议中提出了一种确定负载位置的方法。