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A WTO Safe Harbour for the Dolphins: The Second Compliance Proceedings in the US–Tuna II (Mexico) case
World Trade Review ( IF 2.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-14 , DOI: 10.1017/s1474745620000038
Elisa Baroncini , Claire Brunel

Subsequent to the 2016 modifications concerning the strengthening of the administrative requirements on dolphin-safety outside the ETP fishery zone, the second WTO compliance proceedings have finally found the US Dolphin-Safe labelling scheme compatible with the multilateral trade system. We provide an overview of the long-running US–Mexico dispute and assess the final findings of the WTO adjudicators attempting to determine the effects of the multilateral litigation on the involved non-trade values and the real winners of the case. We find an improvement in dolphin protection, though more could be achieved through a qualification of the US measure under the principle of sustainable development also contemplated in the Preamble of the WTO Agreement, as well as an enhancement on consumer information, since declaration of dolphin-safety may now be better monitored and enforced through the new discipline for non-Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean tuna products. However, we also observe that with no change to the appearance of the label or an informational campaign, the improved credibility of the label may hardly be passed-through to the average consumer. Furthermore, despite an increase in the stringency of the regulation for their competitors, Mexican producers do not gain greater access to the US and instead have been diversifying towards other markets. We then highlight that the Appellate Body missed an opportunity to reinforce the transparency of the system by supporting the first-ever decision to grant partially open panel meetings.

中文翻译:

海豚的世贸组织安全港:美国-金枪鱼 II(墨西哥)案中的第二次合规程序

继2016年关于加强ETP渔区外海豚安全管理要求的修改后,第二次WTO合规程序最终认定美国海豚安全标签制度与多边贸易体系兼容。我们概述了长期存在的美墨争端,并评估了 WTO 裁决者试图确定多边诉讼对所涉及的非贸易价值和案件真正赢家的影响的最终调查结果。我们发现在海豚保护方面有所改善,尽管可以通过在 WTO 协定序言中也考虑到的可持续发展原则下对美国措施的限定以及消费者信息的增强来实现更多,因为现在可以通过非东热带太平洋金枪鱼产品的新纪律更好地监测和执行海豚安全声明。然而,我们也观察到,如果不改变标签的外观或宣传活动,标签可信度的提高可能很难传递给普通消费者。此外,尽管对竞争对手的监管更加严格,但墨西哥生产商并没有获得更多进入美国的机会,而是一直在向其他市场多元化。然后,我们强调上诉机构错过了通过支持首次决定授予部分开放的小组会议来加强系统透明度的机会。然而,我们也观察到,如果不改变标签的外观或宣传活动,标签可信度的提高可能很难传递给普通消费者。此外,尽管对竞争对手的监管更加严格,但墨西哥生产商并没有获得更多进入美国的机会,而是一直在向其他市场多元化。然后,我们强调上诉机构错过了通过支持首次决定授予部分开放的小组会议来加强系统透明度的机会。然而,我们也观察到,如果不改变标签的外观或宣传活动,标签可信度的提高可能很难传递给普通消费者。此外,尽管对竞争对手的监管更加严格,但墨西哥生产商并没有获得更多进入美国的机会,而是一直在向其他市场多元化。然后,我们强调上诉机构错过了通过支持首次决定授予部分开放的小组会议来加强系统透明度的机会。尽管对竞争对手的监管更加严格,但墨西哥生产商并没有获得更多进入美国的机会,而是一直在向其他市场多元化。然后,我们强调上诉机构错过了通过支持首次决定授予部分开放的小组会议来加强系统透明度的机会。尽管对竞争对手的监管更加严格,但墨西哥生产商并没有获得更多进入美国的机会,而是一直在向其他市场多元化。然后,我们强调上诉机构错过了通过支持首次决定授予部分开放的小组会议来加强系统透明度的机会。
更新日期:2020-04-14
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