Article 6 of the SPS Agreement presents a series of interlinked obligations for importing and exporting countries of diseased agricultural products. The Russia–Pigs dispute raises the question of when an importing country is justified in imposing a ban on products from exporting countries unaffected by the disease, on the basis of the fact that the country is part of the same customs union as another country inflicted with the disease. This Article contends that four distinct classes of cross-border and cross-product externalities ought to play an important role when assessing this question in the future. It discusses the possible roles to be played by bilateral, sequential, pass-through, and supply chain externalities in propagating the transmission of agricultural disease across borders through trade.

中文翻译：

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外部性和农产品进口禁令：根据俄罗斯与猪的争端评估区域化措施

《SPS 协定》第 6 条规定了病害农产品进出口国的一系列相互关联的义务。这俄罗斯-猪争议提出了一个问题，即进口国何时有理由对未受该疾病影响的出口国的产品实施禁令，因为该国与另一个感染该疾病的国家属于同一关税同盟。本文认为，在未来评估这个问题时，四种不同类别的跨境和跨产品外部性应该发挥重要作用。它讨论了双边、连续、传递和供应链外部性在通过贸易传播农业疾病跨境传播中可能发挥的作用。