We use a political economy perspective to provide the first empirical analysis of the main political and economic determinants of asynchronous approval (AA) for a variety of countries over the period 2000–2015. The key results that emerge from our paper are the prominent role of regulatory quality and the number of internet users in a particular country in influencing AA across countries. We found that the higher the share of internet users in a country, the lower the AA. Consumer access to the internet makes them less exposed to negative news about genetically modified (GM) products, as they are less influenced by the negative bias of traditional mass media toward biotechnology. Additionally, the better the regulation quality (the more efficiently a government formulates and implements regulation), the shorter the time necessary to approve new GM events, and the lower the AA. Furthermore, our findings confirm that determinants such as corruption, trade relations with stringent markets, and the size of the rural population are also important in explaining AA of GM events.

中文翻译：

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异步批准新的 GM 事件的政治和经济决定因素

我们使用政治经济学视角对 2000 年至 2015 年期间不同国家的异步批准 (AA) 的主要政治和经济决定因素进行了首次实证分析。我们论文的主要结果是监管质量和特定国家的互联网用户数量在影响各国 AA 方面的突出作用。我们发现，一个国家的互联网用户份额越高，AA 越低。消费者访问互联网使他们较少接触到关于转基因 (GM) 产品的负面新闻，因为他们较少受到传统大众媒体对生物技术的负面偏见的影响。此外，监管质量越好（政府制定和实施监管的效率越高），批准新的GM事件所需的时间越短，AA越低。此外，我们的研究结果证实，腐败、与严格市场的贸易关系以及农村人口规模等决定因素在解释转基因事件的 AA 方面也很重要。