In the domain of visual arts, professional artists usually graduate from academies and universities. For professional development, art students must practise domain-specific activities. Support from lecturers and exchanges with fellow students also help advance accomplishments. Amateurs without academic or vocational artistic education can acquire their skills autodidactically or attend courses such as those at an adult-education centre. Empirical research in the domain of visual arts remains scarce; therefore, the present study’s objective was to analyse which kinds of domain-specific practice activities and social interactions artists, intermediates and amateurs rate as relevant to their artistic development in visual arts. The Professional Development in Arts Questionnaire (PDA-Q), including closed and open questions, was developed to examine artists’ activities and interactions. In this study, 81 experts, 58 intermediates and 31 amateurs participated. Experts and intermediates perceived domain-specific practice activities working on artworks and reflecting as the most important in their professional development. Experts and intermediates also rated these two activities as the most demanding. Amateurs rated these activities as less relevant and demanding. Experts and intermediates most often received feedback from lecturers and fellow students, while amateurs most often received feedback from friends and family. Experts and intermediates cited lecturers as being the most helpful sources of feedback, while amateurs cited family.

中文翻译：

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视觉艺术专业发展

在视觉艺术领域，专业艺术家通常毕业于学院和大学。为了专业发展，美术专业的学生必须练习特定领域的活动。讲师的支持和与同学的交流也有助于提高成绩。未经学术或职业艺术教育的业余人员可以自动获得技能，也可以参加成人教育中心等课程。视觉艺术领域的实证研究仍然很少。因此，本研究的目的是分析哪些领域特定的实践活动和艺术家，中级人员和业余爱好者的社交互动与他们在视觉艺术中的艺术发展有关。艺术发展专业问卷（PDA-Q），包括已公开和未公开的问题，旨在检查艺术家的活动和互动。在这项研究中，共有81位专家，58位中级专家和31位业余爱好者参加。专家和中间人认为，针对特定领域的实践活动在艺术品上进行，并反映出其专业发展中最重要的活动。专家和中间人也将这两项活动评为最高要求。业余爱好者认为这些活动的相关性和要求较低。专家和中级人员最常收到讲师和同学的反馈，而业余人员最常收到朋友和家人的反馈。专家和中间人认为讲师是最有用的反馈来源，而业余爱好者则说家庭。专家和中间人认为，针对特定领域的实践活动在艺术品上进行，并反映出其专业发展中最重要的活动。专家和中间人也将这两项活动评为最高要求。业余爱好者认为这些活动的相关性和要求较低。专家和中级人员最常收到讲师和同学的反馈，而业余人员最常收到朋友和家人的反馈。专家和中间人认为讲师是最有用的反馈来源，而业余爱好者则说家庭。专家和中间人认为，针对特定领域的实践活动在艺术品上进行，并反映出其专业发展中最重要的活动。专家和中间人也将这两项活动评为最高要求。业余爱好者认为这些活动的相关性和要求较低。专家和中级人员最常收到讲师和同学的反馈，而业余人员最常收到朋友和家人的反馈。专家和中间人认为讲师是最有用的反馈来源，而业余爱好者则说家庭。业余爱好者认为这些活动的相关性和要求较低。专家和中级人员最常收到讲师和同学的反馈，而业余人员最常收到朋友和家人的反馈。专家和中间人认为讲师是最有用的反馈来源，而业余爱好者则说家庭。业余爱好者认为这些活动的相关性和要求较低。专家和中级人员最常收到讲师和同学的反馈，而业余人员最常收到朋友和家人的反馈。专家和中间人认为讲师是最有用的反馈来源，而业余爱好者则说家庭。