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Intellectual Property from a Global Environmental Law Perspective: Lessons from Patent Disclosure Requirements for Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge
Transnational Environmental Law ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-28 , DOI: 10.1017/s2047102519000165
Claudio Chiarolla

This commentary considers the intellectual property (IP) system from a global environmental law perspective by exploring the extent to which patent-related treaties, such as the World Trade Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and the World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Cooperation Treaty, can facilitate implementation of global environmental standards in the field of biodiversity law. It provides practical guidance to countries that wish to introduce patent disclosure-related mechanisms into their legal systems with a view to mainstreaming instances of global justice, fairness and equity, and raises awareness of the limitations arising from their extant IP obligations. Global environmental law standards have exercised an undeniable influence on the political discourse in international IP policy making in the field of patent disclosure. Still, many patent disclosure requirements that pre-date the Nagoya Protocol apply only to genetic resources the provenance of which is the same country that established the requirement. However, if a country designates its patent or IP office as a compliance checkpoint under the Nagoya Protocol, then the disclosure requirement should encompass at least the genetic resources originating from all countries that are contracting parties to this instrument. This could allow the fulfilment of a core monitoring obligation of the latter, while enabling wider synergies and transparency within the IP system.

中文翻译:

全球环境法视角下的知识产权:遗传资源和传统知识专利公开要求的经验教训

本评论从全球环境法的角度考虑了知识产权 (IP) 制度,探讨了与专利相关的条约,例如世界贸易组织的《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》和世界知识产权组织的专利合作条约,可促进生物多样性法领域全球环境标准的实施。它为希望将专利公开相关机制引入其法律体系的国家提供实用指导,以期将全球正义、公平和公正的实例纳入主流,并提高对其现有知识产权义务所产生限制的认识。全球环境法标准对专利公开领域国际知识产权政策制定的政治话语产生了不可否认的影响。尽管如此,早于《名古屋议定书》的许多专利公开要求仅适用于其来源与制定要求相同的国家的遗传资源。但是,如果一个国家指定其专利局或知识产权局作为《名古屋议定书》下的合规检查点,那么公开要求应至少包括来自作为该文书缔约方的所有国家的遗传资源。这可以实现后者的核心监督义务,同时在知识产权制度内实现更广泛的协同作用和透明度。许多早于《名古屋议定书》的专利公开要求仅适用于起源于制定要求的国家的遗传资源。但是,如果一个国家指定其专利局或知识产权局作为《名古屋议定书》下的合规检查点,那么公开要求应至少包括来自作为该文书缔约方的所有国家的遗传资源。这可以实现后者的核心监督义务,同时在知识产权制度内实现更广泛的协同作用和透明度。许多早于《名古屋议定书》的专利公开要求仅适用于起源于制定要求的国家的遗传资源。但是,如果一个国家指定其专利局或知识产权局作为《名古屋议定书》下的合规检查点,那么公开要求应至少包括来自作为该文书缔约方的所有国家的遗传资源。这可以实现后者的核心监督义务,同时在知识产权制度内实现更广泛的协同作用和透明度。那么公开要求应至少包括来自作为该文书缔约方的所有国家的遗传资源。这可以实现后者的核心监督义务,同时在知识产权制度内实现更广泛的协同作用和透明度。那么公开要求应至少包括来自作为该文书缔约方的所有国家的遗传资源。这可以实现后者的核心监督义务,同时在知识产权制度内实现更广泛的协同作用和透明度。
更新日期:2019-08-28
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