In this paper, we compare the distributions of socially optimal public funding between private and public research sectors in cooperative and noncooperative R&D settings in the presence of externalities. We show that the proportion of public funding allocated to the private sector research always increases with the level of inter‐firm spillovers but decreases with the concentration of the industry. This share is smaller (larger) when firms cooperate in R&D than when they do not for high (low) spillovers. Moreover, increases in public knowledge externalities to the private sector due to a closer proximity (distance) between the two research sectors increase the share allocated to the public sector regardless of whether firms cooperate or not in R&D.

中文翻译：

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公共和私营研究部门之间的研发合作，公共资金的接近和分配

在本文中，我们比较了存在外部性的情况下，在合作与非合作研发环境中，私人和公共研究部门之间的社会最优公共资金分配情况。我们表明，分配给私营部门研究的公共资金比例总是随着公司间溢出水平的增加而增加，但随着行业的集中度而降低。当企业在研发方面进行合作时，所占份额要比不进行高（低）溢出时所占份额小（更大）。此外，由于两个研究部门之间的距离更近（距离）而增加了公共知识对私营部门的外部性，从而增加了分配给公共部门的份额，而不管企业是否在研发方面进行合作。