In this article we document Canada’s trade policy response to late nineteenth and early twentieth century globalization by linking newly digitized annual productspecific data on the value of Canadian imports and duties paid from 1870–1913, to establishment-specific production and location information drawn from the manuscripts of the 1871 industrial census. We find evidence of a highly selective move towards protectionism following the adoption of the National Policy in 1879. Changes in the Canadian tariff schedule narrowly targeted manufactured import products that had close substitutes produced by relatively large, urban, politically influential domestic manufacturers.

中文翻译：

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应对全球化的第一个时代：1870-1913 年的加拿大贸易政策

在本文中，我们通过将新的数字化年度产品特定数据（有关加拿大进口价值和 1870 年至 1913 年支付的关税）与从手稿中提取的特定于企业的生产和位置信息联系起来，记录了加拿大对 19 世纪末和 20 世纪初全球化的贸易政策反应1871 年工业普查。我们发现，在 1879 年通过国家政策后，有证据表明高度选择性地转向保护主义。加拿大关税表的变化只针对进口制成品，这些产品具有由相对较大的城市、具有政治影响力的国内制造商生产的相近替代品。