How did the Prussian three-class franchise, which politically over-represented the economic elite, affect policies? Contrary to the predominant and simplistic view that the system allowed the landed elites to capture most political rents, we find that members of parliament from constituencies with a higher vote inequality support more liberal policies, gauging their political orientation from the universe of roll call votes cast in parliament during Prussia’s rapid industrialization (1867–1903). Consistent with the characteristics of German liberalism that aligned with economic interests of business, the link between vote inequality and liberal voting is stronger in regions with large-scale industry.

中文翻译：

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普鲁士三级特许经营的政治经济学

在政治上过度代表经济精英的普鲁士三级特权如何影响政策？与该制度允许有地精英攫取大部分政治租金的主流和简单化观点相反，我们发现来自投票不平等程度较高选区的议会成员支持更自由的政策，并从点名投票的范围内衡量他们的政治方向在普鲁士快速工业化期间（1867-1903 年）在议会中任职。符合德国自由主义与企业经济利益相一致的特点，在工业规模较大的地区，投票不平等与自由投票之间的联系更为密切。