We provide the first estimates of immigrant residential segregation between 1850 and 1940 that cover the entire United States and are consistent across time and space. To do so, we adapt the Logan–Parman method to immigrants by measuring segregation based on the nativity of the next-door neighbor. In addition to providing a consistent measure of segregation, we also document new patterns such as high levels of segregation in rural areas, in small factory towns and for non-European sources. Early twentieth-century immigrants spatially assimilated at a slow rate, leaving immigrants’ lived experience distinct from natives for decades after arrival.

中文翻译：

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1850 年至 1940 年美国移民的居住隔离

我们提供了 1850 年至 1940 年间移民居住隔离的初步估计，该估计覆盖了整个美国，并且在时间和空间上是一致的。为此，我们通过测量基于隔壁邻居出生的隔离，将 Logan-Parman 方法应用于移民。除了提供一致的隔离措施外，我们还记录了新模式，例如农村地区、小型工厂城镇和非欧洲来源的​​高度隔离。20 世纪早期的移民以缓慢的速度在空间上同化，在抵达后的几十年里，移民的生活经历与当地人截然不同。