This paper focuses on overt impersonal pronouns such as English one and Dutch men in eight Germanic languages (English, Frisian, Icelandic, Danish, Dutch, German, Norwegian and Swedish). Cinque (Linguist Inq 19:521–581, 1988), Egerland (Work Pap Scand Syntax 71:75–102, 2003), a.o., argued that there are two types of impersonal pronouns: one type that can occur in multiple syntactic positions but can only have a generic reading and another type that can have generic and existential readings but can only occur as an external argument. I show, based on novel data from ECM constructions, passives and unaccusatives, that it is not the syntactic position which restricts the distribution of men-type pronouns, but that it is case. English-type pronouns can occur with multiple cases, but can only have a generic inclusive reading. All Dutch-type pronouns can only occur with nominative case and can have multiple impersonal readings. Moreover, I show that Dutch and Swedish allow an existential reading when the pronoun is a derived subject (contra Cinque 1988; Egerland 2003). I propose a direction for this correlation between the different readings and case by assuming different feature make-ups for the pronouns, following Egerland (2003), Hoekstra (J Comp Ger Linguist 13:31–59, 2010), Ackema and Neeleman (A grammar of person. Linguistic inquiry monographs, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2018): one has \(\phi \)-features and, therefore, always needs to be obligatorily inclusive; men lacks this functional layer and, therefore, has no restriction on its readings. Furthermore, I propose that since men lacks a phi-layer, it is too deficient to project a KP, and thus can only occur with unmarked nominative case.

本文重点关注八种日耳曼语言（英语、弗里斯兰语、冰岛语、丹麦语、荷兰语、德语、挪威语和瑞典语）中的明显的非人称代词，例如英语一和荷兰人。 Cinque (Linguist Inq 19:521–581, 1988)、Egerland (Work Pap Scand Syntax 71:75–102, 2003)、ao 认为，非人称代词有两种类型：一种可以出现在多个句法位置，但只能有通用读法，而另一种类型可以有通用读法和存在主义读法，但只能作为外部参数出现。我根据 ECM 结构、被动语态和非宾格的新数据表明，限制男性代词分布的不是句法位置，而是情况。英语型代词可以有多种情况出现，但只能有通用的包容性读法。所有荷兰语类型代词只能以主格出现，并且可以有多个非人称读法。此外，我还表明，当代词是派生主语时，荷兰语和瑞典语允许进行存在主义解读（contra Cinque 1988；Egerland 2003）。我遵循 Egerland (2003)、Hoekstra (J Comp Ger Linguist 13:31–59, 2010)、Ackema 和 Neeleman (A人的语法。语言探究专着，麻省理工学院出版社，剑桥，2018）：一个人具有\(\phi \)特征，因此总是需要具有强制性的包容性；男性缺乏这一功能层，因此对其解读没有任何限制。此外，我认为，由于男性缺乏 phi-layer，因此很难投射 KP，因此只能出现在未标记的主格情况下。