This study examines the role of exports in the transmission of horizontal and vertical spillovers of foreign direct investment for the Turkish manufacturing industry by using firm‐level data. Our objective is to test whether the export capacity of firms is one of the determinants of the occurrence of the horizontal and vertical spillovers generated by foreign direct investment. In order to determine whether the productivity effects arising from horizontal and vertical (backward and forward) spillovers are conditioned by the exports of firms, value added and total factor productivity equations for Turkish manufacturing industry firms for the years 2003–11 are estimated using the panel data method. Our estimation results show that the productivity effects generated by horizontal, backward, and forward spillovers of foreign direct investment are more pronounced for export‐oriented firms.

中文翻译：

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出口在外国直接投资的水平和垂直溢出传播中的作用：以土耳其制造业为例

这项研究通过使用企业级数据研究了出口在土耳其制造业中外国直接投资的水平和垂直溢出传播中的作用。我们的目标是检验企业的出口能力是否是外国直接投资产生的水平和垂直溢出发生的决定因素之一。为了确定水平和垂直（向前和向后）溢出所产生的生产率影响是否受公司出口的制约，使用面板估算了土耳其制造业公司2003-11年的增加值和全要素生产率方程数据方法。我们的估算结果表明，水平，向后，