This article argues certainty in trusts is better understood by recognising a fourth certainty: “distributional certainty”. Distributional certainty is required in private trusts that involve dividing the property between beneficiaries: their shares must be clear. Distributional uncertainty is not, as usually understood, merely an instance of uncertainty of property: it has differing consequences, special resolution techniques, and may explain “administrative unworkability” in discretionary trusts. Distributional certainty is not required in charitable trusts. But this is not, as usually understood, merely an instance of the rule that charitable trusts do not need certainty of objects: it is an independent proposition.

中文翻译：

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申报信托需要三个确定性——还是四个？“分配确定性”

本文认为，通过承认第四个确定性：“分配确定性”，可以更好地理解信托的确定性。涉及在受益人之间分配财产的私人信托需要分配确定性：他们的份额必须明确。正如通常所理解的那样，分配不确定性不仅仅是财产不确定性的一个例子：它具有不同的后果，特殊的解决技术，并且可以解释全权信托中的“行政不可行”。慈善信托不需要分配确定性。但这并不像通常理解的那样，仅仅是慈善信托不需要对象确定性这一规则的一个例子：它是一个独立的命题。