We analyse the geographic localization and the productivity of knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) in Italy, using both census data and balance sheet data at the firm level. We find that KIBS are generally agglomerated in urban areas where they attain significantly higher labour productivity levels. Urban productivity advantages are found to be strongly associated with the local availability of human capital and to standard proxies of Marshall–Arrow–Romer and Jacobs agglomeration economies. Forward demand linkages and some factors impacting on the thickness of the local labour market also appear to be relevant. On the whole, the set of explanatory factors considered could explain the entire urban productivity premium estimated for Italian KIBS firms.

中文翻译：

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知识密集型商业服务公司的集聚

我们使用公司一级的普查数据和资产负债表数据，分析了意大利的地理定位和知识密集型业务服务（KIBS）的生产力。我们发现，KIBS通常聚集在城市地区，在那里它们的劳动生产率明显提高。人们发现，城市生产率的优势与当地人力资本的可获得性以及马歇尔－阿罗－罗默和雅各布斯集聚经济的标准代理人息息相关。远期需求联系和一些影响当地劳动力市场深度的因素似乎也很重要。总体而言，所考虑的一系列解释性因素可以解释意大利KIBS企业估计的整体城市生产率溢价。