This paper presents a protocol that establishes the complementarity between Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and the Viable System Model (VSM) for the analysis of viability in organizations. Various studies demonstrate the advantages of both hard and soft multimethodologies, especially in the field of operational research (OR). Relying on a literature review of multimethodology, the present research specifically focuses on papers that examine the resolution of problem situations in organizations using SSM and VSM. It subsequently addresses approaches to both methodologies and, as a result, presents the characteristics that favor complementarity. Thus, this research primarily contributes with a methodological proposal that integrates both SSM and VSM. In terms of its technical-methodological approach, this study proposes a comprehensive protocol for the integration of SSM and VSM. While some studies do extol the benefits of combining the two methodologies, a systematic protocol for their integration is still lacking. As such, the protocol presented herein consists of six steps used to diagnose or design a viable organization that includes a questionnaire for detecting organizational pathologies.

本文提出了一个协议，该协议建立了软系统方法论 (SSM) 和可行系统模型 (VSM) 之间的互补性，用于分析组织的生存能力。各种研究证明了硬多方法和软多方法的优势，尤其是在运筹学 (OR) 领域。依靠多方法论的文献综述，本研究特别侧重于研究使用 SSM 和 VSM 解决组织中问题情况的论文。随后它讨论了两种方法的方法，因此，呈现了有利于互补的特征。因此，这项研究主要有助于整合 SSM 和 VSM 的方法论建议。就其技术方法论方法而言，本研究为 SSM 和 VSM 的集成提出了一个综合协议。虽然一些研究确实赞扬了结合这两种方法的好处，但仍然缺乏将它们集成的系统协议。因此，本文提出的协议由六个步骤组成，用于诊断或设计一个可行的组织，其中包括用于检测组织病理的问卷。