Substantial literature demonstrates that flexible labor market institutions promote entrepreneurial activity. We re-evaluate this finding by considering the complementarity between institutions as advocated by the varieties of capitalism literature. We study the relevance of labor market regulations, wage-setting institutions and social security, and their complementarity for different types of entrepreneurial activity in 19 European countries and the USA. Two findings stand out. First, the four distinct bundles of labor market institutions characterizing Europe support different forms of entrepreneurial activity, and that innovative entrepreneurial activity also exists in less-flexible and -regulated labor market arrangements. Second, the relationships between single labor market institutions and entrepreneurial activity vary across the four institutional constellations. Therefore, to promote entrepreneurship in Europe, there is a need for tailored reform strategies that consider the diversity of the institutional constellations.

中文翻译：

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劳动力市场制度和企业家精神的多样性

大量文献表明，灵活的劳动力市场制度促进了企业家活动。我们通过考虑各种资本主义文学所倡导的制度之间的互补性来重新评估这一发现。我们研究了劳动力市场法规，工资设定机构和社会保障的相关性，以及它们对19个欧洲国家和美国不同类型创业活动的互补性。有两个发现很突出。首先，以欧洲为特征的四个截然不同的劳动力市场机构束支持不同形式的企业家活动，而创新性企业家活动也存在于较不灵活和受管制的劳动力市场安排中。第二，单一劳动力市场机构与企业家活动之间的关系在四个机构群中有所不同。因此，为了促进欧洲的企业家精神，需要量身定制的改革战略，要考虑机构群体的多样性。