ABSTRACT

Illocutionary force indicating devices are something of a neglected topic in visual/multimodal intercultural pragmatics, although a number of scholars have observed that some non-verbal speech-act markers have the characteristic that by employing them in a certain way one can actually accomplish the speech act itself. These not only provide a “catalog” of salient types of visual interactions recognized in a given culture, but also represent the best way into a systematic examination of all the divergent types of performative image. Backed by naturally occurring multimodal data (political cartoons and op-ed illustrations), this article considers the problem of identifying and cataloguing pictorial acts, given some problematic features, such as their implicit character and non-one-to-one mapping onto images. I also address the question of whether pictorial act markers are universal or culturally specific. Finally, it is argued that the appropriateness conditions of (verbo) pictorial illocutionary acts (and of discourse generally) depend on the cognitive context models of the participants (picture makers/viewers). All in all, this research should benefit not only multimodal and intercultural pragmatics, which is still in its infancy, but also work in the speech-act domain, which has been largely off the linguistics agenda since the 1970s and 1980s.

摘要

言外力量指示装置是视觉/多模态跨文化语用学中一个被忽视的话题，尽管许多学者观察到一些非语言言语行为标记具有通过以某种方式使用它们实际上可以完成言语的特征自己行动。这些不仅提供了特定文化中公认的显着类型视觉交互的“目录”，而且代表了系统检查所有不同类型的表演图像的最佳方式。在自然发生的多模式数据（政治漫画和专栏插图）的支持下，本文考虑了识别和分类图片行为的问题，给出了一些有问题的特征，例如它们的隐含特征和非一对一映射到图像上。我还解决了图形行为标记是普遍的还是文化特定的问题。最后，有人认为（动词）图片言外行为（以及一般话语）的适当性条件取决于参与者（图片制作者/观众）的认知语境模型。总而言之，这项研究不仅有益于仍处于起步阶段的多模态和跨文化语用学，而且有益于自 1970 年代和 80 年代以来基本上不在语言学议程之内的言语行为领域。