This paper reports the results of dictator experiments in which the context is varied between a loss and gain frame. In some treatments, individuals have the possibility to sort and self-select the frame they prefer. We demonstrate that higher shares are transferred to the recipient in the loss frame compared to the gain frame when the situation occurs naturally, while the opposite result holds when the participants provoke themselves the situation. Our main result can be attributed primarily to a gender effect, i.e. female participants acting more generously in loss frames.

中文翻译：

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个人在损失方面是否更慷慨？

本文报告了独裁者实验的结果，在这种实验中，上下文在损耗帧和增益帧之间变化。在某些治疗中，个体可以对自己喜欢的框架进行分类和自我选择。我们证明，当情况自然发生时，与损失帧相比，更高的份额会在损失帧中转移到接收者，而当参与者挑起情况时，结果相反。我们的主要结果可以主要归因于性别效应，即女性参与者在损失框架中表现得更为慷慨。